Chip for connecting to the Internet. How to crimp a network cable and connect a computer to a computer. Why it is worth crimping with crimping pliers
Life without the Internet is unthinkable for many inhabitants of the earth. It is necessary for work, study, leisure, it is used in offices and at home. There are three types of cable to connect a computer to the network: coaxial, twisted pair or fiber optic. The first one is no longer used today, the last one costs a lot, and the second one is used actively and everywhere.
How to conduct a twisted pair cable in a house or apartment
Twisted pair is a cable that is used for laying computer network. The provider brings it into the room when connecting to the client's Internet. Cable routing inside is a more difficult task, because the wires should not interfere and spoil the interior.
To bring the Internet to buildings, fiber optics are more often preferred today, and twisted pair used for laying a communication network in the interior. This is due to the fact that it is cheaper, easier and more convenient to install.
A twisted-pair cable consists of one or more pairs of insulated conductors twisted together and covered with a plastic sheath.
To lay a cable in an apartment or house, additional investments are needed, so some try to do it on their own. But at the same time, you should remember the basic rules:
- Do not leave wires unprotected, let them hang freely along the walls or lie on the floor. Ideally, the cable should be laid under the plaster, but if this is not possible, then it is hidden in special plastic boxes.
- Do not bend the cables too much, as this may degrade the signal quality.
- It is forbidden to place electrical and network wires nearby. The distance between them should not be less than 5 cm for horizontal and 30 cm for vertical laying.
What is twisted pair crimping and why is it needed
The Internet cable is connected to the computer through a special connector. It's called RJ45. But in order to exchange data, the wire must not only be inserted into the appropriate hole, but must be crimped correctly.
An Internet cable is connected to a computer or laptop through a special connector called RJ45
A cable for connecting to the Internet, as a rule, consists of four pairs of copper wires of different colors and twisted together. Crimping a twisted pair means placing the conductors in the correct sequence and pressing them into the connector using a special tool that provides reliable contact for the transmission of electrical signals.
How to crimp a twisted pair cable (Internet cable pinout)
For crimping twisted pair are used:
Pinout color schemes
There are two main schemes by which you can compress twisted pair: straight and cross.
They differ from each other in the way the cable cores are arranged (pinout color scheme). In the first case, at both ends of the wire, the cores are arranged in the same sequence:
This method is used most often, for example, when you need to crimp a cable to connect devices of different purposes (computer, laptop, TV, etc.) with a router or modem.
If it is necessary to cross-pinout, the cable cores in the first connector have the same sequence as in the previous case, and on the second they are arranged according to the following color scheme:
Cross crimping is used when connecting devices of the same purpose, for example, two computers or routers. But today it is almost never used, since modern network cards and routers are able to automatically detect the cable crimping scheme and adapt to it.
Crimping instructions
Compressing a twisted pair is quite easy:
- Prepare the cable, RJ45 connector and crimping tool.
- Release the cable from the outer winding approximately 2-3 centimeters from the edge. To do this, you can use the crimper: it provides special knives.
Using a crimper requires practice, as it can cut the twisted pair wires when the cable is released from the outer winding. Therefore, some prefer to perform this operation with an ordinary knife.
You can remove the outer winding from the twisted pair using a crimper or a regular knife
- Unwind and align twisted-pair pair wiring. Arrange them in the correct sequence according to the selected crimp pattern. Attach the cable to the connector and cut off the excess. Open wires must be left long enough for the sheathed cable to enter the bottom of the connector.
To measure the length of free conductors, you need to attach a connector to the cable
- Trim excessively long wires with a crimper.
The crimper has a special knife that can cut long wires.
- Insert all the wires of the cable into the connector to the very end.
The twisted pair wires must go into the connector to the very end, under the contact pads
- Crimp the twisted pair cable with a crimper. To do this, insert the connector into its socket until it clicks and squeeze the tool handles several times.
It is very convenient to crimp a twisted pair cable with a crimper, as it has a special socket for the connector
I have crimped twisted-pair cables at home and at work more than once. It is very easy to do this with a special tool, the main thing is to correctly arrange the wires by color. But you need to carefully cut the outer sheath of the cable with a crimper. My experience shows that if you apply extra effort, then not only the outer insulation is cut, but also the inner cores.
After the twisted pair is crimped, the outer winding should partially enter the connector. If the cable cores peek out of the connector, then the crimping must be done again.
The outer sheath of the cable must partially fit into the connector
Screwdriver crimping instructions
You can compress the cable not only with a special tool, but also with an ordinary screwdriver. This method is more time consuming, and the probability of a poor-quality result is higher. But it will be the only possible one for those who do not have a crimper at hand. To complete the work you will need:
Crimp the cable as follows:
Video: how to compress a twisted pair with a screwdriver - visual instructions
Crimping a four-wire twisted pair
In addition to the eight-wire twisted pair, there is also a four-wire. It is used less often because it provides a data transfer rate of no more than 100 Mbps (on a standard cable, the speed can reach 1000 Mbps). But such a cable is cheaper, so it is actively used in small networks with small and medium volumes of information.
The crimping process for a four-wire twisted pair is the same as for an eight-wire twisted pair: the same connectors and crimping pliers are used. But at the same time, only a part of the contacts is used in the connector, namely 1, 2, 3 and 6, and the rest remain empty.
Color designations of conductors in a four-wire twisted pair can be different, but two options are most common:
- White-orange, orange, white-blue, blue.
- White-orange, orange, white-green, green.
The first and second contacts are always inserted with white-orange and orange wires, respectively. And in the third and sixth there will be either blue or green wires.
Photo gallery: four core twisted pair crimping color scheme
4-wire twisted pair is easier to crimp than 8-wire When crimping a four-wire twisted pair, orange conductors most often occupy the first and second contacts When crimping a four-wire twisted pair, green wires can be used in the third and sixth contacts The crimping scheme for a four-wire twisted pair with blue and brown conductors is very rare
Video: twisted pair crimping on 4 cores
How to extend the internet cable
Getting the Internet into an apartment or house, the provider leaves a small supply of cable. But if the computer needs to be moved to another room, problems can arise. There are several ways to extend the wire :
- Replace cable. To do this, you usually need to contact your provider, who will change it. But first you need to buy a twisted pair cable of the required length, and then pay for the services of a technician.
- Install a network switch. Solving the problem in this way is not the cheapest option, but in addition to extending the cable, it makes it possible to connect other devices in the house to the network.
- Use wifi router. Wireless transmission data will eliminate the need for a cable altogether. You can connect to the Internet anywhere in the apartment.
- Buy a special extension adapter. It is easy to use, small in size and inexpensive. This is the most popular way to increase the length of the Internet wire.
- Twist the wires by hand. This method will allow you to increase the cable to the desired length at no additional cost, but the signal quality is often reduced.
Photo Gallery: How to Connect and Extend an Internet Cable
Twisting the cable reduces the quality of the transmitted signal. Using an adapter is the easiest and cheapest way to extend your internet cable. You can use a switch to extend the Internet cable, but this will be the most expensive solution.
How to twist the cable
Since twisting wires does not require any additional costs and special tools, many people use this method to lengthen the cable at home. This can be done in different ways.
- If you do not want to re-crimp the cable, then the twisted pair cable already brought into the house or apartment must be cut in any convenient place and inserted into a piece of wire of the required length. But it is important to remember about a significant minus: there will be two places of twisting on the way to connect to the Internet, and this cannot but affect the data transfer speed. And the longer the wire, the worse.
- If you're ready to re-crimp the cable, cut off the crimped end, lengthen the wire, and attach a new RJ45 connector. This way, your cable will only have one twist point.
It is necessary to connect the cores of the same color to each other, and the junction points must be well insulated.
Video: how to twist an internet cable
How to split an internet cable
Often netizens wonder how to split an Internet cable. Such measures may be required in several situations:
- when moving a laptop around an apartment / house, i.e. the need to connect it to the Internet in different rooms;
- if you have several computers / laptops and need to connect them to the Internet.
The problem is solved in different ways.
- In both cases, the easiest way out is to buy a Wi-Fi router. But not everyone wants to connect to the network in this way.
- If a cable connection is required, then the most reliable option is a switch. Its advantage is that all devices connected through it access the Internet at the same time. Moreover, there can be as many such devices as there are ports in network equipment.
- A splitter adapter is another convenient and inexpensive option. But connect to world wide web through it you can only two computers, no more.
- Some netizens suggest manually branching the internet cable. To do this, you need to wind two of the same color to each core, insulate everything well and separate the wires in the room. But this method does not guarantee the quality of the connection, so experts do not recommend using it. In addition, you can only connect to the network with such a cable one by one, two computers will not work simultaneously in such a situation.
Photo gallery: ways to connect two or more devices to the network
The RJ45 splitter adapter is the simplest and most convenient way connect two PCs to the internet at the same time Twisted pair branching by twisting cores does not guarantee good signal transmission and high-quality Internet WiFi connection give a chance wireless connection to the internet A network switch allows you to connect as many devices to the network as it has ports
Despite the advancing by leaps and bounds of wireless technology, in an apartment building or private home ownership desktop computers, TV set-top boxes, file storages are best connected using a cable, twisted pair. For this, it is important not only to correctly lay the wire around the room, but also to crimp the RJ-45 connectors at the ends of the cable.
Types of cables for Internet connection
Depending on the type of provider, the cable can be routed to the subscriber in several ways. If the connection is made according to the Wi-MAX, LTE or 3G standard, there may not be a cable at all.
telephone cable
Used when connecting to the Internet using aDSL technology. The wire is used two- and four-core, when using four cores, you can increase the length of the cable route and reduce interference. In some cases, a wired telephone is connected along the same line. To connect, a special cable modem or modem router is used.
Often a single-core copper “noodle” is used for the last mile of the telephone line, the speed and quality of such an Internet channel will be low
Providers use this type of cable to connect subscribers to the cable television network. Due to its wide bandwidth, a coaxial cable transmits both data and analog TV signals without mutual interference. As in the case of a telephone line, a special modem is used to connect.
Coaxial cable is used when laying dual-purpose networks, for example, Internet + analog TV
Optical fiber (fiber optic)
An optical fiber cable is used to connect either multi-storey buildings with subscriber routers installed in the entrances, or houses in the private sector, since this type of cable transmits a signal over long distances without reducing the signal level and interference. The converter, or interface converter, allows you to connect a router-router to such a cable using a patch cord from a conventional twisted pair (UTP).
Fiber optic cable is used for laying long and noise-free routes
Twisted Pair (UTP)
This is the most common and inexpensive type of connection. Such cables bring the Internet to an apartment or house, and also connect client devices (computers, TV set-top boxes, printers) to the router. Cables are four- and eight-core. Four cores transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps, and the eight-core version allows you to increase the speed ten times.
UTP-8 - the most common wire for laying a local network
Without additional amplifying equipment, the length of cable routes will be small (up to 100 meters). Nevertheless, twisted-pair connection is a popular type of connection due to the cheapness of wire and connectors, as well as the ability to cut the cable with or without a penny tool. Whatever wire enters the house, the good old twisted pair cable will still go after the interface converter or cable modem.
Varieties of twisted pair
The wire for creating patch cords and cable routes differs both in the insulation material and in the composition of the central core (conductor). The cheap one is made of aluminum conductors and plastic insulation designed for indoor use. The electrical resistance of aluminum is higher than copper, and the signal in such a wire decays faster. Accordingly, only short indoor cables should be made from it, for example, connecting computers to a router in an apartment or a small private house.
Use cheap UTP cable only indoors and when creating short network segments
The expensive wire is supplemented with another layer of insulation and a thick steel core, which takes on mechanical loads when suspended. A protected frost-resistant wire with copper conductors costs 3-4 times more expensive, but it can be used to lay long sections of cable routes inside entrances and even between individual houses. It is worth noting that in recent times such routes are increasingly being made using fiber optic cable.
Protected twisted pair equipped with additional insulation and steel wire for suspension
Tools required for twisted pair crimping
You will need a crimping tool (for 99% of the job), a utility knife or a sturdy utility knife, and a small flashlight.
Crimping pliers, or crimper - the main tool of the cableman
Of the consumables, you will need a UTP wire and RJ-45 connectors. If there are no silicone caps included with the connectors, a hot glue gun will be useful.
The use of RJ45 connectors with silicone caps will not only protect the cable from damage, but also make the connection clearer.
If there are no mounting pliers, a small hammer and a flat screwdriver will serve as a substitute, in which the width of the sting is equal to the width of the contact group of the RJ-45 connector.
A cable tester will be extremely useful - a device for checking a crimped cable. If there is a break in the cable or there is no contact in one or two cores, the connection will become unstable.
The cable tester is indispensable for a large amount of cable work and long routes
Twisted pair crimping schemes
Regardless of the number of cores, cables are divided into two types: straight and crossed. Crossovers are used to connect two computers to a peer-to-peer LAN, without a router. If a router-router is used when building a network, then use cables of any type, since the router automatically determines which cable is connected.
Crimping 4-core cable
The four-core cable can be used indoors at network speeds up to 100 Mbps. If you look at the connectors on an inexpensive 100 Mbit router, you will find that each socket has only four pins, and using an 8-wire cable will not provide any advantages. Can be straight or cross crimped.
Direct crimping of four-strand patch cord
The difference between the two types of crimps is in the arrangement of the orange and green strands.
Cross crimping of a four-strand patch cord
Crimping 8-core cable
There are more options for pressing an 8-core cable, which is not surprising, because local networks with such a cable are the most common. It is possible to carry out direct cable pressing in two versions, they differ in the location of the orange cores. Type T586B is the de facto standard in the Russian Federation, and type T586A is common in the European Union and the USA.
Type T586V - the main one for crimping straight patch cords in the Russian Federation
The standards differ in the location of the green and orange cores. Core colors may vary depending on cable manufacturer.
Crimping type T586 is practiced in the USA and EU countries
Cross cable crimping also has two options: for low-speed networks (10-100 Mbps) and for modern gigabit LANs.
Simple crimping suitable for low speed networks
The difference between simple crimping and cross crimping is in the arrangement of the blue and brown strands.
Use cross crimping for high speed networks
How to crimp a patchcord cable with mounting pliers
Prepare tools: tongs, a flashlight and a knife.
- Align the end of the cable with a miter cutter. If the cable was cut in the store with an ordinary knife, the end is probably beveled.
- Remove the insulation from the network cable. To do this, place the cable in the recess of the stripping tool so that the insulation is stripped 2–2.5 cm. Turning the cable relative to the knife, cut it along the entire circumference. Remove the notched piece of insulation to expose the colored strands.
Remove the cable insulation with a special tool
- Unravel the veins. The length of the untwisted section should not exceed 12–13 mm. If it is difficult to align the strands, you can untwist them to a greater length, and then cut the untwisted and aligned end.
The wire strands are untwisted to a length of 12–13 mm
- Align and space the stranded strands in the color scheme that matches the type of cable.
Align the cable cores according to the color scheme
- Taking a new RJ-45 connector, turn it with the plastic lock down and carefully slide the end of the cable into it along the guides. The PVC insulation tube must extend to the inner locking tooth in the connector. If the wire is not inserted all the way, the strands may come off.
Carefully insert the unraveled end of the cable into the connector
- Check that the wires in the connector are in order and not damaged. If everything is OK, insert the connector into the socket of the crimping tool and squeeze it until it stops, but not hard.
Crimp the RJ-45 connector with a crimper
- After crimping, the cable is ready for use.
Video: twisted pair cable crimping
Crimping the patch cord without pliers
If you rarely crimp cables or decide to help a friend, and the pliers are left at home, crimping can be done with improvised tools that everyone has in the pantry. You will need a flathead screwdriver, a utility knife with a new blade, and a hot glue gun.
- Level the end of the cable with the blade of a sharp knife. Then, stepping back from the end 2–2.5 cm, make a neat circular cut on the insulation. Try not to cut through it so as not to damage the colored veins. Turning the incised section of insulation back and forth several times, separate it.
Strip the cable insulation with a regular knife
- Unwind the strands so that the length of the untwisted section does not exceed 12–13 mm. If you find it difficult to align the strands, unwind them to a greater length, and then cut the unbraided and aligned end.
You can cut the wires to the desired length with wire cutters or an ordinary knife.
- Align the braided cores and arrange them in a color scheme corresponding to the type of cable being crimped.
- Now take the new RJ-45 connector and turn it with the plastic lock down. Then carefully slide the end of the cable into it along the guides. The insulating PVC tube must reach the inner locking tooth in the connector. If you do not bring the wire to the end, during the operation of the cable, the cores may come off. Inspect the connector: the wires must be located correctly.
Check that the wires are located correctly. If you make a mistake, you will have to cut the connector and crimp a new one.
- Using a screwdriver, push each of the eight pins down until it cuts into the corresponding colored wire. Place a screwdriver on the contact and push it down. There are only a couple of free millimeters in the connector for maneuver; if you overdo it, you can easily damage it. Repeat this action seven more times.
Press the connector pins down until they pierce the cable strands.
- Using a heat gun, fill the inside of the connector with glue to secure the cable insulation in it.
- Check the quality of crimping by connecting the cable to an RJ-45 socket (router or laptop). If the connector does not click all the way, remove it and repeat the steps in step 5.
- When the cable has passed the test, it is ready for use.
Video: crimping connectors with a screwdriver
There is nothing complicated in crimping a twisted pair. Half an hour of time with a special tool or a little longer with improvised means - and the home local network is already working, and the cable connection pleases maximum speed and no delays. Remember that a device with a cable Internet connection is faster than an "air" connection and also reduces exposure to high frequency radiation.
Despite the development of wireless data transmission technologies, the classic wired network does not lose its relevance - largely due to its stability and high speed. In the process of creating such a network, it may be necessary to properly crimp the RJ-45 cables. How to do it - in this article.
- actually, the cable itself, and the fifth category. The most common type, so with a high degree of probability you have just that - there would be eight veins;
- crimper. A special tool that looks like ordinary pliers. Needed to secure the connectors at the ends of the cable, or simply - for crimping;
Note! The crimper is expensive, and if you need to crimp, you can do without it - a regular kitchen knife and a flat-head screwdriver.
- two RJ-45 connectors. We need two - one for each end of the wire, but it is still recommended to take four. The product is cheap, and in case something goes wrong, there is always a fallback option;
- stripper. Tool for stripping protective insulation from wires. Not so much needed, since most crimpers have the right blade. If there is no such tool, it is quite possible to live;
- cable tester. A useful thing that rarely anyone has, is expensive and very few are sold anywhere. Usually, the wire after crimping is checked by connecting to a switch or computer, that is, to the place where it is intended. But this method has serious drawbacks: it is not always possible to identify a malfunction, and it is not clear where to look for it. The tester also shows in which wire there is an open or short circuit. Comfortable.
Decide on a goal
For what purpose do you need the cable that you are going to crimp? In general, a lot depends on the answer to this question: there are several standards for the location of twisted pair wires in the connector, and each type implies use only in certain situations.
So let's look at these types:
- straight cable - usually such cables connect the computer to a switching device, for example, a router or a switch. One of the most common types of cable;
- crossover cable, also commonly called a crossover, is a different type of twisted-pair crimping, used mainly to create computer-to-computer wired networks without the use of routers.
Each of these standards has its subspecies. So, a direct connection has two standards: T568A and T568B (see figure). Here are the crimping schemes for both standards, however, it should be remembered that it is the second that is most common.
With a crossover cable, everything is somewhat simpler - it is not divided into subspecies, its only crimping scheme is as follows.
Note! Thus, there are a total of three twisted-pair cable crimping options. If you have decided which one you need to use in your particular case, then we proceed to the next stage of our work - to the crimp itself.
Crimping the cable
First of all, make sure that your crimper has blades for cutting and stripping the cable. If there are none, stock up on a stripper or at least a clerical knife:
- Cut the wire near its end. The cut must be perpendicular. Pay attention to the fact that all eight strands of the wire are the same length - otherwise there is a risk of making a non-working cable.
- Now step back about two centimeters from the end and, using a special (or not very) tool, cut off the outer insulation so that the cores are released and can move freely in space. Don't overdo it!
- Try plugging the wires into the connector. If the outer insulation does not reach the connector, the cores should be shortened somewhat: such a design may lead to chafing of the cable in the future.
Note! Stripping the veins themselves, contrary to popular belief, is absolutely not necessary. It is much more necessary to take care that their length along the entire connector is uniform.
- Distribute the sequence of strands in the connector as the connection standard of your choice implies.
- Now place the connector in the crimper, in the hole labeled "8P". Start squeezing the crimper handles until you hear a distinctive click.
- After that, you should remove the cable and check the strength of the resulting connection. To do this, simply grab the connector and the cable itself and pull in different directions. Doesn't fly? Did the wires get mixed up during the crimping process? Then you can move on to the other end of your cable. Repeat all the above steps.
It differs a little: you also need to strip the outer insulation, place the cores in the connector and crimp them. However, for crimping, we will not use a crimper (because we don’t have one), but an ordinary thin flat screwdriver or a kitchen knife. Place the slot of the screwdriver on the metal pad of the outer contacts of the connector and gently, without much effort, start pushing pad inside. And so with each of the eight lived.
This method is somewhat longer, but in an emergency it is quite suitable.
Checking the crimped cable
So, now that we have both ends of the cable crimped, it's time to check our creation for performance. For this:
When you finally achieve a successful connection, you can safely use the resulting wire for its intended purpose. Ready!
Video - How to crimp a twisted-pair Internet cable
Cutting a twisted pair network cable for crimping is the first and most important step in crimping. The reliability of the connection of the conductors of the twisted-pair cable with the RJ45 plug, and, as a final result, the stability of access to the Internet, depends on the accuracy and correctness of its implementation.
The main thing when cutting is to prevent notching the conductors of twisted pairs and to exclude their overlap at the clamping point with a retainer in the RJ-45 plug. In crimping pliers for RJ-11, RJ-45 plugs, as a rule, there are special knives for cutting the twisted pair cable along the length and trimming its outer sheath. But I never use these functions of ticks, as I have repeatedly had to deal with the consequences of such pruning.
The fact is that a twisted-pair cable is far from an ideal circle, since all the pairs are twisted around each other, when cutting in pliers, the copper cores of the conductors are often notched and a few kinks are enough for them to break off. Reliability can only be guaranteed by manual preparation of the end of the cable for crimping.
Cutting the network cable begins with the removal of the outer sheath. To do this, one sponge of the side cutters is inserted into the cable. It is necessary to ensure that conductors do not fall on the cutting edge. In most cables, a nylon cutting thread runs inside. After opening a couple of centimeters of the shell, you can take hold of it and cut the shell by 4-5 cm with an interference fit. Then the shell is bent to the side and cut off with side cutters. Many recommend stripping the jacket by 14 mm, but at this length it is practically impossible to develop and align the twisted pair conductors well.
Next, the twisted pairs themselves develop counterclockwise, usually they are twisted clockwise, if you look at the end of the cable. It is necessary to develop them in such a way that the pairs are in the same plane to the depth of the shell up to 5-8 mm. This condition must be observed in order to prevent the conductors from being crushed by the plug clamp when crimping with tongs. In this case, it is necessary to immediately orient the pairs by color, taking into account the color marking for crimping.
Twisted pair crimp color scheme Option B, the most common option.
The twisted-pair conductors are developed and straightened until they are in the same plane at the clamping point with the RJ plug retainer. The twisted pair conductors are shortened to a length of 14 mm, inserted into the RJ-11, RJ-45 plug. Be sure to check that all conductors are under the teeth of the contacts and their alternation matches the color marking. Sometimes at the moment of filling the reins into the fork, they change places. Conductors in color scheme B are located through one, white with colored stripes - colored. This allows you to quickly check that the wiring is correct at a glance.
How to crimp RJ-11, RJ-45 with pliers (crimper)
Crimping utp cables of computer twisted pairs in the RJ-11, RJ-45 plug is performed with a special crimping tool - pliers for crimping plugs. Professionals call such mites Crimper. By design, they are of two types, lever and press. Lever pincers (pictured left) are not expensive and work accordingly. A lot of force is required and the compression is obtained with a warp. The best are HT-500, in the right photo, they are devoid of the noted shortcomings. Their design is such that when twisted pairs are compressed, the comb sinking the contacts in the plug moves strictly perpendicular to the plug.
To crimp the network cable with tongs, it is necessary to cut and thread the twisted pairs into the plug, insert the RJ-11 or RJ-45 plug into the required cell of the tongs and bring their handles to the stop with your hands.
Press the latch of the RJ-11, RJ-45 plug to its body and remove the twisted-pair cable crimped with the RJ-45 plug ready for use from the pliers.
How to crimp RJ-11, RJ-45 without pliers
Sometimes it is necessary to urgently crimp the cable with an RJ-11 or RJ-45 plug, but there are no pliers at hand. In this case, you can do the crimping without a specialized tool manually. Insert the stripped twisted-pair conductors into the plug, in accordance with the required color scheme, clamp RJ in a vice by the latch, and using a bit from a screwdriver with a small hammer, tapping on the bit, deepen the lamellas to the desired depth. Snap the cable clamp onto the plug body.
The thickness of the blade of the bit should not exceed 0.55 mm, since the thickness of the lamella in the RJ forks is 0.56 mm. Otherwise, the insulating collars can be flattened. The spring-loaded contacts of the socket will cling to these places and there will be no contact. If, nevertheless, the sides are damaged, you need to cut off the hanging edges in the places of damage with the blade of a sharp knife.
How to re-crimp RJ-11, RJ-45
There are, it seemed at first glance, more impasse situations. Urgent need to press on network cable plug RJ-11 or RJ-45, and a new plug is not at hand. There is also a simple solution for this problem. It is necessary to clamp the fork body in a vice by the latch and pull the lamellas out of the seats by 1 mm, prying them alternately from the ends with an awl.
Use a knife to cut the latch from the near side to the cable, remove it and remove the old twisted pairs. I disassembled the RJ-45 plug completely to demonstrate its components.
Crimp new twisted pairs into the RJ-11 or RJ-45 plug using the technology described above.
Since the latch utp cable when disassembling the plug was removed, it is necessary to fix the cable in the plug by dropping a few drops of silicone, glue or sealant into the window formed from the removed latch. If it becomes necessary to lengthen or repair damage to a twisted pair cable, then this can be done by soldering or twisting. The reliability of a solder joint exceeds any mechanical methods.
If suddenly the question arose about the organization home network or simply connecting the computer to a router, modem or other device, and there is no way to call the wizard, you should not be upset. In computer stores, you can freely buy ready-made cables (patch cords) with various types connectors already connected. If there is no such store nearby, or you need to lay the cable in places where the connectors will not pass, you will have to crimp the cable yourself.
This will require basic knowledge in the field of electronics, as well as a certain type of cable, connectors, crimping tools, a tester, a screwdriver and a knife. But before proceeding with the installation, let's try to figure out what is intended for what, how it works, how to compress it yourself.
Cable
In standard local networks It is customary to use a conductor called "twisted pair". He owes his name internal device, consisting of two, four or eight insulated copper or aluminum conductors, twisted in pairs and enclosed in an external PVC insulation. The shell of each wiring for ease of connection is made in different colors. There are two types such as surrounding foil (FTP) and unshielded (UTP).
It is not advisable to use an FTP conductor for arranging a home network, since the screen is designed to protect against strong electromagnetic interference, as well as for a working cable length of more than 100 meters. So a cheaper and more common option in the form of a UTP cable, sold in any computer hardware store or on the market, is quite suitable. Any "twisted pair" is divided into several categories depending on the number of cores, bandwidth and destinations. The cable is marked with a combination of letters and numbers: from CAT-1 to CAT-7. The most common conductor for LAN equipment is CAT-5 or its modification CAT5e. It consists of four pairs of multi-colored cores and provides up to 100 Mbps at a frequency of 100 MHz.
Connectors
All modern computer equipment intended for wide use, for network connections has standard standard connectors for a plug marked 8P8C. Sometimes such a connector is called RJ-45 for some reason. But no matter how they are called, they have one purpose - to connect the "twisted pair" with any device. These plugs, like the cable, may or may not be shielded. The connector is a plastic head with eight grooves cut into it for laying conductor strands. At the end of these slots, movable contacts are installed, which clamp the wires. During installation, the numbering of the grooves is very important. If the connector is placed with the contacts up and the latch towards you, then the first contact will be on the left, and the eighth contact on the right.
There are two options for the location of the cores of the "twisted pair" in the connectors:
- EIA/TIA-568A.
- EIA/TIA-568B.
The first provides for the following sequence (from left to right):
- White-green.
- Green.
- White-orange.
- Blue.
- White blue.
- Orange.
- White-brown.
- Brown.
In the second circuit, the wires are arranged as follows:
- White-orange.
- Orange.
- White-green.
- Blue.
- White blue.
- Green.
- White-brown.
- Brown.
Connection types
The EIA / TIA-568A option is used to crimp a network cable, which will be connected at one end to a computer, and at the other - to one of the switching devices (router, switch, modem, etc.). This type of connection is called direct. But there is another - cross or cross. It is used to connect two computers directly. Direct crimping of the network cable provides for fastening connectors according to the EIA / TIA-568A scheme at both ends. This is the most common type of connection, since usually more than two computers are used in local networks, connected via a switch or other types of switches. If, nevertheless, it became necessary to connect two machines to each other, then a cross connection is used. In order to crimp the computer-to-computer network cable, one end of the cable should be connected to the connector using the EIA / TIA-568A technology, and the other - using the EIA / TIA-568B technology. For direct connection, not all 8 cores can be used, but only 4, however, this will decrease by 10 times. When cross-connected, all 8 cores are used.
Cable preparation
Before crimping, the conductor must be stripped of insulation. You can cut the cable with an ordinary knife, but the performance of our patch cord and the quality of data transfer will depend on how carefully this is done. The outer insulation is cut at a distance of 20-25 mm from the end. It is important not to damage the insulation of the cores, which can subsequently lead to their short circuit. After the insulation has been removed, it is necessary to untwist all pairs and straighten them in the order EIA / TIA-568A or EIA / TIA-568B, depending on the type of connection required.
How to crimp a network cable with a crimper
Masters use special pliers (crimper) for. If such a tool was not found at home, you can buy it at any store that sells radio components. The cost of the simplest crimper is about 200 rubles. Before crimping the network cable, you need to make sure that the cores do not intersect with each other.
Next, we insert them into the grooves of the connector until they stop and fix them. Visually, you should make sure that all the wires rested against the front wall of the plug head, none of them accidentally fell into a "foreign track", and that the crimping circuit is not broken. After that, the connector is placed in a special working socket of the crimper, made in the shape and size of the connector, and clamped until it stops. Such an operation is also done with the other end of the future patch cord. You can check the correct connection with a LAN tester, and in the absence of such, simply by connecting the computer to the desired device through a crimped network cable.
Cable crimping without crimper
If, nevertheless, there were no special pliers, and there is no way to buy them, there is an option how to compress the network cable manually. Good eyesight and a thin screwdriver or knife will come in handy here. Having stripped the "twisted pair" from the outer insulation and laid out its cores in the right order, we place them in the connector and again fix them with our fingers. The plug must be with the contacts up.
Having rested the lower part of the connector on a table or other horizontal surface, use a screwdriver or a knife to move them one by one until they stop down. In this case, the teeth of the contacts will cut the insulation of the wires and fix them in the down position. When buying connectors and planning to crimp them manually, it is better to take a few extra ones, because the first time it may not work out, and you will have to run to the store again.
Common Mistakes
When crimping a cable, situations often arise when everything seems to be done correctly, but there is no connection. In this case, you should check the wiring diagram and double-check it for compliance with the type of connection.
If everything is correct, you need to make sure that all wiring is securely connected to the connector pins. It is also possible that the upper insulation is too cut off, and the cores of the patch cord, twisting, can close or, conversely, move away from the contact. In such cases, the cable must be cut and crimped again.