Information technologies in sports tourism. Application of modern educational technologies in tourism. Information technologies in tourism
In tourism over the past decades there have been serious changes associated with the development of scientific and technological progress. These are various information technologies that are related to the processing and transmission of information.
Multimedia technologies
These include various catalogs and directories. In them you can find detailed information about countries, routes, hotels. Also, the catalogs provide information about the rules of conduct in extreme situations and the proper execution of documents. Clients have the opportunity to plan a tour taking into account prices, discounts, season, and transport.
Another modern information technology in tourism is virtual travel and excursions. Viewers get the opportunity to explore attractions and museums before actually visiting them. This is viewing a variety of moving panoramas (buildings, streets, parks, hotel premises, museum exhibits). There is also a function for embedding explanatory notes and voicing the presentation.
Benefits of multimedia presentations:
- efficient provision of tourism services and goods;
- facilitating contact with company employees;
- vivid memories of the company.
Electronic tourism catalogs are actively used both in Russia and abroad. Here are some of them:
- Air Travel Planner;
- Flight Guide;
- Hotel Guide.
E-commerce
The essence of this technology is making purchases at home in real time. This became possible thanks to the Internet and electronic means payment. Creating a virtual travel agency allows you to expand your sales geography and attract additional clientele.
Advantages of e-commerce for travel companies:
- availability of feedback;
- development of new channels for product sales;
- mobile and technological exchange of information with partners and clients;
- reducing the time for transferring funds;
- reduction of financial costs.
Advantages of electronic sales for customers:
- the ability to compare prices and conditions of different companies;
- prompt access to information;
- receiving bonuses and additional discounts for online bookings.
Video text
The innovation combines the capabilities of email, reservations and computer systems. For example, in England they use the Prestel system, supported by British Telecom.
Almost 90% of travel agencies actively use it. The main component is a TV, which acts as a display, an adapter and a keyboard for data entry. The system provides the following data:
- offers from airlines, hotels, ferries, railway lines, tour operators;
- travel information;
- the latest changes and news in all areas.
France also uses videotext, but they use a different system called Mintel.
Booking systems
One of the most important information technologies in the tourism industry is global reservation systems. They allow you to select the desired hotel and room type for specific dates. Once a request has been booked, a confirmation is immediately sent by email. They are already used by more than eight hundred thousand travel agencies around the world.
Here is a list of some of them:
- Amadeus;
- Sabre;
- Worldspan;
- Galileo;
- Sirena-Travel.
Benefits of use:
- reduction of time costs;
- improving the quality of services;
- increased productivity.
Amadeus
At first it was only a European reservation system, but over time it made a breakthrough and entered the American market. This service provides access to the resources of hotels, airlines, ferry and rail transportation, and insurance companies. It is used by several thousand travel agencies around the world.
Advantages:
- control of all mutual settlements;
- flexible system administration;
- availability of a convenient and multifunctional interface;
- high stability, independent of the volume of data being processed;
- automatic import of any reservation.
Services provided:
- having access to confidential tariffs of the largest airlines for its clients;
- own database of airline fares;
- sending information (about the route, schedule, invoices for payment) directly from the system.
Options for connecting to the system:
- via the Internet;
- telephone version Dual-up;
- via dedicated communication lines.
Saber
This is a system that provides customers with information about airline pricing and rules, schedules, and seat availability. It also provides the opportunity to book and issue air tickets, boarding passes and other documents.
Additional tourist information:
- visa instructions;
- medical requirements;
- currency conversion;
- information about local attractions.
Connection options:
- Net Platform (designed for small and medium-sized agencies);
- Turbo Saber (supports email, user database, confidential rates);
- Planet Saber (presented in a simple and clear graphical interface).
Worldspan
One of the first reservation systems that began to promote travel technologies in the field of e-commerce. It primarily makes reservations for air transport and hotels, car rental companies, and theaters.
Connection options:
- British Telecom. The condition for connection is the reservation of 400 segments.
- Worldspan Net. A complete functional analogue of the stationary version using the Internet as a communication channel.
Galileo
The system is widely used around the world (in more than one hundred countries). Such large hotel companies as Hilton, Radisson and many others are associated with it. The service provides the following functions:
- automation of the air ticket booking process;
- information about tourism services and products;
- messaging;
- ordering additional services.
Galileo features more low-cost carriers than any other global booking system.
Sirena-Travel
This is the only domestic distribution system for air travel bookings in Russia and the CIS countries. It contains information about tariffs, conditions for their application, availability and schedule. Using it, you can create connecting routes with your flights and with flights of other airlines.
IN lately tourism is a global computerized business. Leading airlines, hotels and travel agencies take part in it. The use of information technology makes it more individual, flexible and attractive to consumers.
- Getalenko Anna Ivanovna, bachelor, student
- Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky
- SINGLE INFORMATION SPACE
- COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEMS
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEX
- MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
This article discusses the issues of modern use of information technologies in the theory and practice of tourism. This article shows and studies the features of the use of information technology in each case. Authors teaching aids The use of information technologies for educational purposes has been thoroughly studied, practice has also been carried out in training specialists in the field of tourism, an analysis has been carried out of the quality of information, as well as the approach to its placement and availability of processing.
- Analysis of methods for assessing the financial stability of an organization
- Analysis of the structure of assets and liabilities of Avtogradbank JSC
- Analysis of the Russian Banking Sector in the period from 2016 to 2018
- Assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise (using the example of PJSC GC "Yalta-Intourist")
Purpose The work is to develop proposals for the management of tourism organizations on the selection of various information and computer systems in the field of tourism, filling the gap in scientific research on this problem in domestic science. The applicant achieved this goal based on the study and analysis of specific information technologies, the main trends in the development of the tourism business and the impact of IT on the efficiency of the organization.
Information is processed data suitable for decision-making. Information exists only for a specific (request) user. Thus, if there is no user, then there is no information.
A system is a large number of systems that are interconnected, functioning to achieve a specific goal.
The purpose of a system is the reason for which it is created.
An information system is a set of related software and hardware, information resources, management personnel that carry out information processes to prepare decisions.
Information technology is an initially specified sequence of procedures and operations that are automatically performed on the original data.
Information Technology consist of technological procedures and operations performed in a specified sequence. Typical operations are collection, registration, transmission, accumulation and processing of data.
The purpose of information technology is the production of information, upon analysis of which, a person will make a decision to perform actions.
Domestic sociologist V.P. Konetskaya understands communication this way: “Communication is a socially determined process of transmitting and perceiving information in conditions of interpersonal and mass communication through different channels using various communication means (verbal, non-verbal and others).”
Communication is a connection between subjects interacting in some way, through the transfer and perception of information to each other.
The purpose of communication is the exchange of information of various kinds and in various ways.
A communication system is a connection of individuals participating in the communication process in a certain way using information flows.
The purpose of a communication system is to transfer information from the communicator to its end user.
Information system managers—information managers—should carefully examine the acquisition strategies adopted by their suppliers. For example, some dominant corporations such as Cisco and Microsoft have come to the conclusion that it makes more sense to acquire ideas for information products next generation from start-up firms rather than generating them ourselves. Analyzing the company's acquisitions and the fate of the technologies they purchased, administrators information systems can gain insight into the supplier's ability to take advantage of the new asset. Buying rather than creating new technology is a legitimate and even effective approach, although it probably still suggests that such a company is inclined to immediately extract commercial benefits from the future, rather than create that future in-house.
Of course, such an approach can be successful if the information product manufacturer retains its core staff and funds ongoing development.
When choosing suppliers, information technology, business and organizational leaders tend to underestimate the need to analyze their innovation strategy.
However, the problem of innovation specifically in the field of informatization always arises when implementing development programs in a variety of areas of activity. Moreover, with the development of any field of activity, it is almost inevitable that innovative measures for informatization must be carried out.
The process of introducing new information systems in a company is a complex organizational task.
Considering the specifics of the field of information systems and the need to make decisions in the management of a company, this task is the task of an information manager. It is the specialists information management must implement the implementation project in such a way that the automated information system naturally, and as painlessly as possible, “fits” into organizational structure enterprises.
The modern tourism industry has undergone very significant changes in recent years due to the introduction of new computer technologies. The successful functioning of any company in the tourism business market is almost unthinkable without the use of modern information technologies. The specifics of the technology for the development and sale of tourism products require systems that, in the shortest possible time, would provide information about the availability of vehicles and the possibilities of accommodating tourists, ensure rapid reservation and booking of places, as well as automation of solving auxiliary tasks in the provision of tourist services (parallel registration of such documents, such as tickets, invoices and guidebooks, provision of settlement and reference information, etc.). This is achievable provided that modern computer technologies for processing and transmitting information are widely used in tourism.
The tourism industry is so diverse and multifaceted that it requires the use of a wide variety of information technologies, ranging from the development of specialized software, providing automation of the work of an individual travel company or hotel, before using global computer networks.
Currently, the formation of a tourism product involves the use of global distribution systems GDS (Global Distribution System), which provide quick and convenient booking of transport tickets, hotel reservations, car rental, currency exchange, ordering tickets for entertainment and sports programs, etc.
Video text is also widespread in the tourism industry, combining the capabilities of computer reservation systems, e-mail, telex, and electronic newspapers. In the UK, around 90% of travel agencies use Prestel's visual data system, which is supported by British Telecom. This system contains tourism and travel information, as well as offers from tour operators, train lines, ferries, hotels and airlines, easily accessible to consumers. The system is also regularly updated with the latest news and changes in all these areas. The main components of the Prestel system are a TV acting as a display, a keyboard for data entry, and an adapter that allows the travel agency to communicate with the central computer, bypassing telephone lines. Videotext technology is also successful in France, where the Minitel system is used. At the same time, the use of video text is limited in the United States.
The tourism business, being one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy, is a highly saturated information industry. In other words, the collection, storage, processing and transmission of relevant information are the most important and necessary conditions for the functioning of any tourism enterprise. The success of business in some sectors of the economy directly depends on the speed of transmission and exchange of information, on its relevance, timeliness of receipt, adequacy and completeness. In this regard, the successful development of tourism business involves the widespread use latest technologies both in the field of creating a tourism product and its promotion to the services market.
Modern computer technologies are actively being introduced into the tourism business and their use is becoming an integral condition for increasing the competitiveness of any tourism enterprise. The tourism industry allows the use of a wide variety of computer technologies, ranging from specialized software products for managing an individual tourism company to the use of global computer networks. Today, tourism uses quite a lot of the latest computer technologies, for example, global computer reservation systems, integrated communication networks, multimedia systems, Smart Cards, management information systems, etc. The information technologies listed above are used with varying degrees of activity and have unequal distribution. The degree of their influence on the development of the tourism industry also varies.
Greatest influence modern computer technologies have an impact on the advancement tourism product(distribution and sales). First of all, this concerns the possibility of creating new marketing channels for promoting and selling a tourism product. Thus, in the field of advertising, direct mailing of tourist information via email(direct mail). In recent years, most tourism enterprises have created their own websites on the Internet and also use banner advertising. Although the effectiveness of these channels for distributing tourism products in Russia is not very high, this direction should be considered as very promising.
The West is already witnessing an electronic offensive against the traditional tourism business. In particular, the tourism market is beginning to actively penetrate and be implemented e-commerce. Electronic travel offices already exist, such as Microsoft's Expedia travel agency, which allows anyone with a credit card to purchase a tour, make airline or hotel reservations, buy tickets to entertainment events, and book car rentals anywhere in the world. According to German experts, about 25% of all tourism product sales may in the near future be realized through e-commerce. Thus, computer technologies have provoked the creation and use of fundamentally new electronic marketing channels for the promotion and sale of tourism products.
Computer reservation systems CRS (Computer Reservation System), which appeared in the mid-60s. XX century, made it possible to speed up the process of reserving air tickets and carry it out in real time. As a result, the quality of services has increased by reducing customer service time, increasing the volume and variety of services offered, etc., and it has also become possible to optimize the loading of airliners, implement a flexible pricing strategy, apply new management methods, etc. The high reliability and convenience of these redundancy systems contributed to their rapid and widespread adoption. Currently, 98% of foreign tourism enterprises use reservation systems. The Russian market mainly presents global reservation systems such as Amadeus and Galileo Worldspan. The Amadeus computer reservation system has been operating on the Russian market since 1993, and at the moment in Russia there are more than 600 travel agencies that use the system.
One of the main areas of application of information technology in tourism is the introduction of multimedia technologies, in particular directories and catalogues. Currently, tourist guides and catalogs are published in books, on video cassettes, on CD-ROM laser discs, and on the Internet. Electronic catalogs allow you to virtually travel along the proposed routes, view these routes in active mode, obtain information about the country, objects along the route, information about hotels, campsites, motels and other accommodation facilities, familiarize yourself with the system of benefits and discounts, as well as legislation in the field tourism. In addition, these catalogs usually provide information about the rules for processing tourist documents, tourist formalities, tourist behavior patterns in extreme situations, etc. The client can plan a tour program, select it according to specified optimal parameters (price, system of benefits, transport system, season, etc.).
The use of multimedia technologies quickly provides potential clients with information about any tour they are interested in and thus allows them to quickly and accurately select the appropriate tourism product. At the same time, the tour operator (travel agent) has the opportunity, if necessary, to make changes to this tour or create a new exclusive tour, make reservations and sell the tourist the created in operational mode tourist service.
In the field of management in the tourism business, dramatic changes have also occurred. The current level of development of the tourism business and fierce competition in this area attach particular importance to the information systems of travel agencies. The functionality of these systems should provide input, editing and storage of information about tours, hotels, clients, the status of applications, provide for the output of information in the form of various documents: questionnaires, vouchers, lists of tourists, descriptions of tours, hotels; calculate the cost of tours taking into account exchange rates, discounts, control payment for tours, generate financial statements, transfer export-import data into other software products (Word, Excel, accounting programs) and other opportunities. These systems not only speed up the settlement process and the generation of documents, but can also reduce the cost of services (tour packages) by choosing the best price option for customer delivery, accommodation, etc. An order for the development of a unique tourist office automation information system is quite expensive, and Currently, this is not particularly necessary, since there are a number of well-proven software products. The development of specialized software products for the tourism business is currently carried out by several Russian companies: Megatek (Master-Tour program), Arim-Soft (TurWin, Charter, Ovir programs), Samo-Soft (program “(Self-Tour”), “Tourist Technologies” (program complex automation"Tourist Office"), "Intour-Soft" (In-tour-Soft program), ANT-Group (ANT-Group system), "Rek-Soft" (Edelweiss, Barsum, Rekonline complex ), etc.
There are several computer systems on the software market that allow you to automate internal activities travel company. As a rule, these systems ensure the maintenance of reference databases for clients, partners, hotels, transport, embassies, as well as the maintenance of tours and accounting for payments, accepting orders and working with clients, generating output documents, etc. Almost all software systems provide the formation accounting reporting and often export-import of data into specialized accounting programs, such as 1C, etc.
Along with the automation of travel companies, a similar development of programs for automating the activities of hotels, restaurants and other tourism enterprises is underway. The use of information systems in this area leads to significant changes in management and also improves the quality of service.
The emergence of multimedia technologies has found rapid application in the field of socio-cultural services and tourism. The main feature of a multimedia computer is the presence of additional devices such as CD-ROM drives, sound card, speakers, 3D accelerator, etc. Currently, most computers on the market are multimedia and these devices are included in standard equipment. Multimedia technology provides the ability to work with audio and video files, which opens up new areas of use computer equipment in the field of socio-cultural services and tourism, in particular the development of virtual excursions to museums and travel.
Virtual excursions and travel are presentations that allow viewers to explore the main objects of interest to them (museums, attractions) even before actually visiting them. These can be randomly moving panoramas of objects of any size (exhibits of museums and art galleries, hotel premises, streets and buildings of cities, park alleys, bird's eye views, etc.). The panoramas are interconnected by simulated longitudinal movements inside the object in such a way that the illusion of real movement along and inside the object is created with the possibility of stopping for a circular inspection in the most interesting places. The viewer can arbitrarily change directions of movement, use the zoom function, move forward and backward, left and right. It is possible to voice the presentation, embed explanatory notes into it, integrate geographic maps and floor plans into the virtual journey with the ability to orient to the cardinal points.
One of the most common areas of using multimedia technologies in the field of socio-cultural services and tourism is the creation and use of encyclopedic, reference and advertising discs. Currently, a large number of information and reference materials have been developed for museums and various tourist destinations, including Moscow, St. Petersburg, the resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, Sochi, etc. Since 1998, the company "Adaptive Technologies" has been producing CD directories "Hotels of the World": "All of Spain", "All of Switzerland", "All of Cyprus", etc. The company "Olbis" (St. Petersburg) has been publishing an advertising electronic directory since 1999 "Tourist companies".
Many enterprises in the sphere of social and cultural services and tourism, most often museums, travel agencies and hotels, create their own disks containing reference, information and advertising information. The cost of developing a CD directory depends on its volume and components (the presence of multimedia clips, 3D models) and on average ranges from several hundred to several thousand dollars.
Today, it is mainly the capital's tour operators that produce their CD guides. The discs usually contain regional overviews with descriptions of proposed programs, hotels, etc.
Typically, multimedia catalogs do not contain frequently changing information, such as pricing data, and functionality There are significantly fewer CD directories than directories on specialized Internet servers. However, CD reference books are popular for a number of reasons:
- they are the most convenient means of obtaining information if the user does not have access to the Internet;
- CDs make it possible to obtain reference information often much faster than searching for similar data on the Internet;
- one CD, like network resource V local network, can be used simultaneously by several user-managers of travel agencies;
- CDs can be easily transferred from one computer to another, and are convenient to use both at presentations and other promotional events;
- CDs are ideal promotional and informational material sent to partners and clients.
The Internet and social media resources will soon be the most promising platform for placing the marketing budget of a social and cultural service enterprise. The main trend in recent years has been the strengthening of the role of the Internet in the process of making decisions about travel and purchasing a tourism product. Now the Internet has become the main source of information for travelers, and first of all - social media and review systems in which users exchange opinions about trips and tourism services.
An effective method of promoting a tourism product on the Internet is participation in international exhibitions and fairs on the Internet. All the most famous tourism exhibitions have already opened their information pages on the Internet, which provide statistics, conditions for participation, accreditation and visiting exhibitions.
The most important exhibitions include:
- Madrid exhibition FITUR (http://www.fitur.sei.es);
- Milan BIT exhibition (http://www.hcs.il.viadggi);
- Berlin ITB (http://www/messe-berlin.de/ilb).
The possibility of direct and reverse audio-visual communication via the Internet allows you to:
- significantly reduce the costs of promoting a tourism product in the tourism services market;
- eliminate in some cases the costs of participating in expensive tourism exhibitions and fairs;
- save on transportation costs, business trips, costs of renting and installing stands, etc.
Thus, fast, reliable communications in the global network make it possible to promote a tourism product with greater efficiency.
In Russia, social and political restructuring and the formation of a market economy objectively led to the need for a significant change in information relations in society. Despite the recent significant expansion of the market for information services and products, information support organs public administration, economic entities and citizens remains at a low level. The ability to access information is, as a rule, limited to its departmental affiliation and is often determined by the official position and social status of the consumer. The problem of access to geographically remote information resources has not been resolved. The majority of the population receives information in the traditional way - print, radio, television.
Information and telecommunication systems operate mainly in the interests of government authorities and, as a rule, in isolation. This state of affairs leads to duplication of work, redundancy of primary information, and increased cost of development and operation of systems. In addition, as noted, departmental fragmentation makes it difficult to exchange and access information.
Information services, resources and software products (information potential) are distributed extremely unevenly across the territory of Russia, and the central regions are mainly provided with them. This distribution corresponds to the concentration of basic scientific and information centers Russia and does not take into account the needs of the population and government bodies. That is why the problem of equalizing information potential requires an urgent solution.
These problems can only be solved by forming a unified tourist information space in Russia.
The following properties of the information space can be distinguished, characterizing the level of its development.
Firstly, integrity, interpreted as the unity of all objects and subjects within the economic space. The main factor in the integrity and consistency of a subject is the manifestation of its economic activity. The information space, functioning in the form of a variety of socio-economic, social and information connections of economic space subjects, is a measure of their involvement in public relations.
The second criterion for the development of the information space is communicability, which manifests itself in the form of interconnected processes of integration and differentiation, occurring both within the subject and in interaction with the external environment.
Due to the fact that there is a constant increase in the number of interactions of subjects per unit of time within the economic space, and information about these interactions is reproduced and replicated in an increasing volume within the information space, it is logical to highlight another property of the information space - dynamism.
The next properties of a single information space are the constant expansion of boundaries, due to the increasing complexity of economic entities and their information interaction and an increase in the density of the information space, which occurs due to the growth of relationships between economic entities, its internationalization, cooperation and the increase in the number of elementary information exchanges per unit of time.
The main features of a unified information space in the field of tourism include:
- the effect of uniform principles and general rules for all subjects of information interaction with a combination of state regulation and self-regulatory principles in the formation and development of a single information space;
- ensuring safe information interaction between the state, organizations and citizens;
- the most complete satisfaction of the information needs of subjects throughout the territory;
- equal access of subjects of information interaction to open information resources and their legal equality;
- maintaining a balance of interests in entering the global information space and ensuring national information sovereignty.
Thus, having studied the use of information and communication technologies in the field of tourism, we can conclude that in these days of widespread computerization and informatization, all travel companies and agencies, enterprises and firms abroad and the vast majority of Russian enterprises use international computer technology as a working source of information. Internet network. The use of information technologies in the field of tourism allows users to easily find information about recreation conditions, prices, services provided, more detailed information about the organization. No other type of advertising can compare with Internet advertising in terms of completeness, quality and efficiency of the information provided.
Thus, the creation of a unified regional information tourism space is of undoubted interest not only for individual tourism enterprises, but also in general can affect the development of the tourism industry, helping to increase the attractiveness of tourism in the region.
References
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF ASTRAKHAN STATE UNIVERSITY
A.V. Kizim
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TOURISM
Educational and methodological manual
for students studying in the following specialties: 100200 Tourism (bachelor's degree); 100201 Tourism
Publishing house "Astrakhan University"
Reviewers:
Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Doctoral Student, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
N.P. Sadovnikova;
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Director of ITinent LLC
P.P. Kudryashov
Kizim A.V. Information technologies in tourism: educational manual / A.V. Kizim. – Astrakhan: Astrakhan State University, Publishing House “Astrakhan University”, 2011. – 146 p.
The purpose of the course is to form and develop the competencies of students in the field of modern software, information and network technologies used in the tourism industry. The objectives of the course are: studying modern network technologies used in the tourism industry; study of modern software and information tools used in the tourism industry; gaining skills in working with network software and hardware solutions for the tourism industry.
Intended to improve the skills of users and provide professional training for graduates in the field of new information technologies in tourism.
Developed within the framework of the project 144641-TEMPUS-2008-FI-JPCR (INTOUR) in collaboration with
cooperation with Volgograd State Technical University, Dagestan State University, Ufa State Academy of Economics and Service.
ISBN 978-5-9926-0470-2
© Astrakhan State University, Publishing house "Astrakhan University", 2011
© A. V. Kizim, 2011
1. Software and information communication technologies |
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in the tourism industry and SCS. Information technology system |
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1.1. Information and computer networks in the tourism industry.................................... |
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1.2. Servers, clients and workstations............. |
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1.3. File-server and client-server technologies |
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information systems........................................................ ............................... |
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1.4. Classification of networks........................................................ ............................... |
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1.5. Information technology system. |
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The concept of information technology................................................................... .... |
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1.6. Classification of information technologies................................................... |
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1.7. The impact of information technology on development |
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socio-cultural services and tourism................................................... ...... |
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2. Hardware and software |
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information technology.................................................................... |
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2.1. Main types of computer system support...................................... |
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2.2. Network equipment........................................................ ............................ |
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2.3. Types of software................................................................... .......... |
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2.4. Information systems as the basis of business.................................................... |
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2.5. Automation of a typical travel agency................................................................. ......... |
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3. Application software and information resources |
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in tourism. Integrated information systems. |
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Problem-oriented application packages |
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by industry and area of activity......................................................... |
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3.1. Office: work technologies........................................................ ........................ |
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3.2. Information and its flows in the office................................................... ............... |
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3.3. Electronic office........................................................ ........................................ |
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3.4. Software for solving special problems................... |
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3.5. Special software |
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for complex automation of a travel agency.................................................... ... |
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3.6. Problem-oriented application packages............. |
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4. Booking and reservation systems.......................................... |
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4.1. Evolution of booking and reservation systems.................................... |
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4.2. Leading foreign reservation systems.................................................... |
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4.3. Russian computer reservation systems................................................... |
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5. Multimedia technologies in tourism activities.................. |
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5.1. Modern multimedia technologies............................................................. |
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5 2. Electronic catalogues.................................................... ............................... |
5.3. Development and support of a travel company website.................................... |
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5.4. Online services......................................................... ....................................... |
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6. Modern network technologies and tools used |
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in the tourism industry.................................................................................... |
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6.1. Global computer networks................................................................... ............. |
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6.2. Means of communication and communications.................................................. .............. |
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6.3. Office equipment used in SCS and tourism.................................. |
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7. Methods of information transmission and communication channels ................................ |
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7.1. Methods of transmitting information. |
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Main characteristics of communication channels......................................................... ....... |
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7.2. Classification of communication channels................................................... ............. |
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7.3. Cable types........................................................ ........................................... |
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7.4. Types of switching................................................... ................................... |
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8. Network technology standards............................................................. |
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8.1. Network technologies: basic concepts and definitions.................................... |
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8.2. Benefits of using networks................................................................... ....... |
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8.3. Seven-layer OSI model .................................................... .................... |
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8.4. Basic standards of network technologies................................................... |
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8.5. Virtual LAN................................................................... ............. |
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8.6. Heterogeneous networks........................................................ ................................... |
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9. Management information systems. |
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Financial management packages for travel agencies and hotels.................................. |
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9.1. Classification of management information systems................................... |
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9.2. Travel agency management packages.................................................... |
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9.3. Automation of tasks in SCS.................................................... .................... |
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9.4. Financial support systems................................................... |
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9.5. Project management with using Microsoft Project........................ |
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10. Tourist virtual communities......................................... |
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10.1. Virtual network community: concept, essence, properties..... |
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10.2. Elements of virtual network communities................................................... |
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10.3. Features of the formation of the information space |
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in tourism........................................................ ........................................................ ..... |
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10.4. Virtual Travel Communities (VTC)................................................. |
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10.5. Travel blogs and forums.................................................... .......... |
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10.6. Traveler forums: themes and variations.................................... |
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10.7. Tourist review system......................................................... ................... |
11. E-commerce in tourism................................................... |
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11.1. The concept of e-commerce and its categories................................... |
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11.2. Opportunities and purpose of E-commerce................................................... |
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11.3. Internet and e-commerce in tourism.................................. |
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11.4. Classification of tourist Internet resources |
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by belonging to e-commerce systems........................ |
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11.5. Classification of e-commerce online offices .................. |
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11.6. Methods of ordering and paying for goods via the Internet.................................. |
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11.7. Electronic payments........................................................ ........................ |
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11.8. Payment systems on the Internet................................................................... ......... |
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12. Geographic information systems in tourism......................................... |
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12.1. Geographic information systems: concept, general information................... |
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12.2. General functional components of GIS.................................................... |
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12.3. GIS classification......................................................... ............................ |
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12.4. Areas and examples of application of GIS technologies.................................... |
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12.5. Geographic information systems in tourism.................................................... |
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12.5. GIS examples................................................... ...................................... |
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13. Information technologies in management systems |
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hotel complex........................................................................ |
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13.1. General characteristics hotel complex................................... |
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13.2. Use of information technology |
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in the management of a hotel complex................................................... ...... |
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13.3. Comparative characteristics basic control systems |
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hotel complex........................................................ ............................ |
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Bibliography..................................................................... |
1. SOFTWARE AND INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY AND SCS. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM
1.1. Information and computer networks in the tourism industry
“Tourism is temporary departures (travels) of people to another country or locality other than their place of permanent residence for a period of 24 hours to 12 months or with at least one overnight stay for entertainment, recreational, sports, guest, educational, religious and other purposes. without engaging in activities paid for from a local source." A person making such a journey is called a tourist.
According to the definition adopted by the UN in 1954, tourism is an active recreation that affects the promotion of health and physical development of a person, associated with movement outside the permanent place of residence. In the materials of the World Tourism Conference held by the WTO in 1981 in Madrid, the following definition is given: tourism is one of the types of active recreation, which is travel made with the aim of exploring certain areas, new countries and combined in a number of countries with elements sports In 1993, the UN Statistical Commission adopted a broader definition: “tourism is the activity of persons who travel and stay in places outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding one consecutive year, for the purposes of leisure, business and other purposes."
There are other definitions, and each of them reflects certain aspects of tourism. On the one hand, tourism is a special case of travel, on the other hand, it is the activity of producing a tourism product. In principle, both travel and the production of tourism products are activities. However, production is an economic activity and its goal is to make a profit, and travel is always movement in space. It is necessary to distinguish between these concepts.
Tourism industry– a diversified industrial complex engaged in the reproduction of conditions for travel and recreation, that is, the production of a tourist product.
Typical subjects of the tourism industry (tourism industry in in the narrow sense): accommodation enterprises (hotels, boarding houses, etc.), transport, tour operators, travel agencies, resorts, excursion and guide bureaus, associations and government bodies for regulating tourism development, organization of congresses, organization of exhibitions and fairs. Atypical subjects of the tourism industry (tourism industry in a broad sense): in the sphere of production - enterprises producing souvenirs, sporting goods, goods for
qualities of these services. Likewise, actual payments are not transferred from travel agents to travel suppliers, and commissions are not transferred from travel suppliers to travel agents.
Besides, individual components The tourism industry is closely related to each other, because many tourism producers are involved in each other’s activities (Fig. 1.). All this allows us to consider tourism as a highly integrated service, which makes it even more accessible to the use of information technology in organization and management.
Rice. 1. Integration of tourism services
Today is a must efficient work tourism company is the presence of computers that are connected into a local (LAN) or corporate network that has access to global network, and allow active use of hardware and software network resources. Online information and network technologies allow companies to quickly collect information, process and analyze it, make the right decisions and, possibly, outperform competitors.
Computer network- a collection of computers and other means computer technology(active network equipment, printers, scanners, etc.), combined using communication lines, network cards and operating under the control of a network operating system.
According to the definition of the IEEE Institute, a LAN is a data transmission system that provides a number of independent devices with the ability to directly interact in a limited geographical space through a physical channel for the interaction of a limited area.
reduced productivity. A typical LAN is owned by only one organization, which uses and manages it. A typical LAN, through a network operating system (OS), connects servers, workstations, printers, and other devices, allowing users to share their resources and functionality. Sharing resources:
saves costs on purchasing and operating hardware
increases the efficiency of data use.
Creation computer network requires certain, often quite significant, costs: for the purchase of additional equipment and software, for installation and adjustment of the network, as well as for its further operation. However, now in both public and private organizations and firms around the world, the use of a computer network is a common solution.
In computer networks, each subscriber (client, user) can use different types computers, means and communication lines and communication programs. In a computer network, computers can act as servers or clients.
1.2. Servers, clients and workstations
The term "server" usually refers to a program that makes requests. Also, a server is a computer on a network that provides its services to other users. To define the server's function, a word is added to explain its purpose. For example, file server, WEB server, mail server, SQL server, etc. The program that sends the requests, which is usually called the client, and the server can easily be executed on the same machine. The client sends requests, and the server executes them.
Modern operating systems are universal, that is, under their control any program can be executed - both working autonomously, and interacting with another program as a client, and server programs. However, for reasons of convenience, information security It is often decided that one computer on the network will perform specialized functions, for example, maintaining an enterprise database. In such cases it is called a database server, etc.
It is important to understand that the term “server” in relation to a program indicates that: 1) this program involves interaction with other programs and 2) this interaction is built according to the scheme: a request from a client program, execution by a server program and return of results to the client.
Unlike regular programs that start, perform a specific task and finish, a server program starts -
in advance and is in a passive state awaiting requests. Having processed an incoming request, the server waits for the next one to arrive.
1.3. File-server and client-server technologies of information systems
The systems used in the tourism business belong to the class of automated information processing and management systems (ASIP), or more simply, information systems (IS). The basis of ASOIU is a database (DB) - a structured storage of information necessary for the proper functioning of the system.
The most commonly used are two approaches to constructing ASOI systems, which are called “file-server” and “client-server”.
File server technology.
With a file-server implementation of ASOIU, the database is located in the form of files on the hard drive of one of the computers on the network. File servers are servers whose shared resource is disk memory(or files stored on your hard drive). Information is exchanged between the client and server. In this case, usually to change one byte (for example, the sign “is the number busy or not”) it is necessary to read a significantly larger amount of information, change this one byte and write the information to disk again. File server solutions are applicable only in high-speed networks with a limited number (8–16) of simultaneously running client applications.
User programs run on workstations and, if necessary, access server files - the system database. This raises many problems. The file server processes a huge number of requests to serve files, which takes a significant amount of time. The user has to wait. When several users simultaneously access one file (for example, a tour database), problems may arise with the reliability of information storage, since the file server reads/writes data blocks without controlling their contents. Accordingly, incorrect operation of the client application can easily destroy the system database.
Client-server technology.
SQL (Structured Query Language, structured query language) –
a specialized language for managing database queries, has the status of an international technology standard.
The client-server technology differs in that between the database and the client there is an intermediary - a SQL server. In relation to information systems, this means that work with the database is implemented using a SQL server. An SQL server is a program that is capable of receiving queries from client programs formulated in
Lecture 5
The specifics of the technology for the development and sale of tourism products require systems that, in the shortest possible time, would provide information about the availability of vehicles and the possibilities of accommodating tourists, ensure rapid reservation and booking of places, as well as automation of solving auxiliary tasks in the provision of tourist services (parallel registration of such documents, such as tickets, invoices and guidebooks, provision of settlement and reference information, etc.).
This is achievable provided that modern computer technologies for processing and transmitting information are widely used in tourism.
Any management information processes include procedures for registration, collection, transmission, storage, processing, issuing information and making management decisions.
Information technologies represent the means and methods by which these procedures are implemented in various information systems.
The tourism industry allows the use of a wide variety of computer technologies, ranging from specialized software products for managing an individual tourism company to the use of global computer networks.
Today, tourism uses quite a lot of the latest computer technologies, for example, global computer reservation systems, integrated communication networks, multimedia systems, Smart Cards, management information systems, etc.
Modern computer technologies have the greatest impact on the promotion of tourism products (distribution and sales). First of all, this concerns the possibility of creating new marketing channels for the promotion and sale of a tourism product.
Modern information technologies in the activities of a tourism enterprise can be divided into the following groups:
management information systems;
global reservation systems;
Internet;
multimedia systems.
Management Information Systems
They provide input, editing and storage of information about tours, hotels, clients, the status of applications, provide for the output of information in the form of various documents (questionnaires, lists of tourists, tour descriptions), allow you to calculate the cost of tours taking into account exchange rates and control payment for tours, generate financial reporting.
Software package "Master Tour" developed by Megatek and is intended for complete automation of the activities of both travel agency and tour operator firms that create and implement individual and group tours.
"Master Tour" carries out almost all functions characteristic of the activities of tour operator and travel agent offices:
maintaining directories of countries, cities, hotels, types of accommodation and meals, excursions, air travel, types of aircraft, airlines, transport, partners, types of services, control actions, etc.;
formation and calculation of group and individual tours;
changing the parameters of already issued vouchers (dates of arrival, hotel, etc.) and automatically maintaining the history of the voucher, which is necessary when resolving controversial situations, as well as to track the progress of the tour;
calculation of the expected profit on the tour, as well as the amount of commission received by partners;
creating a travel calendar for different tours, as well as determining the number of registered tourists for each date;
quotas for any services included in the tour, indicating the number of booked, occupied and free seats, which excludes their resale;
monitoring for each tour and service using a directory of controlled actions;
maintaining a warning system for any service, for example, displaying a message to the manager about the need to purchase tickets a certain period before the start of the tour;
monitoring of payment for the tour;
monitoring the work of managers over a certain period of time, in particular tracking vouchers issued by a specific manager; assessment of the current financial condition of the company;
printing a package of necessary documents (tourist vouchers, lists of tourists, vouchers, application forms for embassies, air tickets, letters, applications, confirmations, financial reporting forms, etc.).
The program has a user-friendly graphical interface, similar to the interface of standard Microsoft products. In addition, an interface is provided with the 1C accounting program and with the Delrina WinFax Pro fax distribution program.
pictures
Program "Tourist office", created by Tour Technology in 1995, automates the activities of both travel agencies and tour operators.
The software package includes three main modules: tourism; financial; document management and external relations. Tourist and financial modules allow you to automate technological processes from a small company to a large company with a network of branches.
The software package includes three main modules: tourism; financial; document management and external relations.
Tourist module implements the following functions: maintaining directories; entering prices received from a partner into the source directories; planning: preparation of individual and group tours; sale of tours; setting a task for the operator to purchase or sell tourism services; control over sales volumes; registration (preparation and printing) of contracts, vouchers, questionnaires for the embassy, formation of all kinds of lists according to certain templates.
Financial module carries out: adjustment to the features of accounting; input of primary accounting documents with further transfer of information accumulated in the task to a specific accounting program for the purpose of preparing a report for the quarter or year; control of mutual settlements; control over preliminary and actual estimates; analysis and control over the financial condition of the company.
Document management and external communications module provides two modes: the first mode - storage, transmission, editing of the document; the second is the preparation of a document for sending to the consumer by fax or modem, as well as service functions that ensure continuous operation, including the transfer of information between agencies, between the central office and the sales department.
Program TurWin (“Travel Agent”). The program developed by the Arim-Soft company appeared in 1995. This program is intended for companies involved in outbound tourism.
The main logical elements of the program are the concepts of “tour”, “check-in”, “order”, “client”.
The program provides basic function blocks on the formation and maintenance of directories, packaging and booking of tours.
The program provides maintenance of various directories, including those on countries, hotels, partners, flights, services, visas, etc. A specific tour is associated with basic services from the directory and arrival dates. Each arrival is correlated with orders that combine customers according to the criterion of joint payment.
The set of services can be formed based on the basic set determined when creating the tour, or based on templates. The latter are created for each tour and include the cost of hotel accommodation, airfare, insurance, visas and additional services.
Other travel company management information systems:
Jack software package
Tour program
Software package “Samo-Tour”
Travel Agent-2000 system
Continent-ANT software package