Enabling and configuring the DNS server. Installing DNS using the Add Roles Wizard Windows server dns settings file
Sometimes it becomes very annoying that you cannot use the Internet due to a completely banal error “DNS server is not responding.” In the vast majority of cases, when it is not possible to find the DNS address of the server, the problem can be solved in a matter of minutes. In this article we will look in detail at all the ways to solve this problem.
DNS server is a utility that redirects the Internet user to a website. The fact is that any Internet page is stored on a server that has its own IP address. To give a user access to a site, a DNS server connects the user's computer to the server. In other words, the DNS server is the connecting link between the user and the site.
Errors “DNS server is not responding” or “DNS address cannot be found”
Often the browser complains that it cannot find the DNS address of the server. This message occurs most often among desktop users using a connection without cables (3G/LTE modem or Wi-Fi router). However, it can also appear in those who use wired Internet. This error means that the unit from which the user accesses the site cannot find a DNS address that will redirect him to the server with the page he is looking for.
What to do if the DNS server is not responding or is unavailable
Before you try to decide this problem, you need to first find out why it arose:
- Because of incorrect settings modem or router;
- Due to incorrect operating system settings (the site is blocked by a virus or firewall, or the Windows DNS client has failed);
- Due to outdated driver network card.
To do this, you need to go to the network control panel located in the lower right corner of the task bar. It has a monitor icon, next to which there is an Enternet cable. Click on it with the left button of the manipulator. Next, right-click on the field where it says “Connected”, then go to “Properties”. Click on the “Network” tab and go to the “Properties” item, after clicking “Internet Protocol Version 4”. In the DNS addresses tab, try selecting the “Load DNS server automatically” option. If this does not help, then enter the address (preferred and alternative) yourself. It is written in the contractual connection certificates. You can also find out the DNS address from your ISP by calling them.
Advice: the correct DNS address can be registered not only in Windows settings, but also in the control panel of the router itself. If you are using software utilities from TP-LINK, then use the parameter quick setup(Quick Setup).
Often a virus carelessly downloaded by a user blocks access to other sites. To check the system for existing malware, you should scan it with an antivirus. In this case, it is better to perform scanning with a program that does not require installation on the desktop and is located on a Live-CD or Live-flash drive (Live media is storage space independent of the main system). For such purposes, we can recommend Dr. Web CureIt! Portable anti-malware programs are good because, being placed on a Live-CD or Live-flash drive, they cannot be infected with viruses.
Setting up a firewall
There is a possibility that access to the site was blocked by the native Windows Farewall or the firewall (another name for a firewall) that comes with your antivirus. The firewall blocks access to sites that it considers malicious. If you know that the blocked page is truly safe, you can temporarily disable the firewall or reset its settings to the initial settings (then the list of blocked pages will be reset to zero). How to turn off Microsoft's firewall? Click Control Panel->Windows and Security->Windows Firewall. In the left panel there will be an item “Enable and shutting down windows Firewall". Click it, then turn all the toggle switches to “Turn off Windows Firewall.” Save these settings.
Advice: Windows firewall– key. By turning it off, you will disable other firewalls.
Updating network card drivers
Often the desktop refuses to connect to the Internet due to outdated network card drivers. To check their status, use the utility Driver Booster. This application will help you find not only drivers for network controllers and install them, but also update the functionality of other components.
Advice: you can update the network card drivers and standard Windows utilities. Go to “Devices and Printers”, then double-click the left mouse button on the icon of your desktop. In the “Equipment” tab, find the components marked as “ Network adapters” and go to their “Properties”. There, click on “Driver” and select “Update”.
This method consists of resetting the desktop and router settings. The sequence of actions is as follows: you need to disconnect the router from the 220V network and leave it unconnected for 5 minutes. Next, you need to restart your computer and plug the router back into the outlet.
Advice: Before turning off the router, you should go to its settings menu and reset the default settings.
This problem can be resolved in two ways. The first - the least painful - register the DNS address not through the Panel Windows management, but through the router menu. The second is to perform a system restore. Go to the Control Panel, then – “System and Security” – “Restore a previously saved desktop state”. After a few minutes, when the utility collects all the registered backup points, you need to select one of them. The date of its creation is written next to each point. Select the one where the DNS client was functioning normally and confirm the system reset.
How to find out the dns address of a server
The correct DNS address is specified in the agreement on connecting the desktop to the Network. It was compiled by the provider, so there is no possibility of error. If you do not have access to the certificate, you can call the provider or contact him via technical service support and ask him to provide the exact DNS address again.
Where can I configure the DNS server address in Windows?
It can be configured through Windows utilities (path: network icon in the taskbar - “Settings” - “Network” - “Internet Protocol v4” - “Properties” - tab with DNS addresses) or through the control panel of your router or modem.
Programs for setting up a DNS server
If the DNS server is unavailable, then the DNS Jumper utility will help fix this problem. Its advantage is that it is portable and does not require installation. In the “DNS Server Selection” tab, you can select a DNS address manually or let the utility itself select it. In this case, DNS Jumper will select the most stable and fastest server at the moment, and the “DNS server does not respond to windows” problem will be removed. You can also download the DOT VPN add-on to your browser. This extension allows you to select not only the address, but also the country from which the user will log in. That is, you can physically be in Germany, but access the site as a resident of the Netherlands. A very useful extension, since some pages are blocked by state governments, and DOT VPN allows you to bypass this ban. “ Setting up a VPN» in the Opera browser. It is turned on like this: Settings->Security->VPN (switch the toggle switch to “Enable” and select “Optimal location”).
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(Lesson duration 45 minutes)
WINS is easier to use than DNS because it dynamically records name and IP address mappings. This lesson explains why and how WINS can be used in conjunction with DNS.
After studying the material in this lesson, you will be able to:
^ explain how DNS and WINS can be combined;
^ configure the WINS client;
^ configure name resolution and callback processing by the service
^ set aliases for the host name.
The DNS database containing name and IP address mappings is static. and changes are made to it manually. DNS implements a hierarchical model, which allows database administration and replication to be divided into zones.
On the other hand, WINS allows computers to dynamically register name and IP address mappings for themselves, making it easier to operate. But the WINS namespace is single-level, and in addition, it is necessary to ensure that the complete database is stored on each WINS server by replication.
WINS record
New type records - WINS - are defined as part of the database file and are used only in Microsoft DNS. To do this, enter into the root domain of the zone new entry, saved in a database file. Now, if the name and IP address are not matched in the database file, DNS will look to the WINS server database.
1. The client contacts its DNS server and requests the IP address of the other host.
The DNS server looks in its database and does not find an entry containing the IP address of this host.
2. Since there is a WINS record in the database file, the DNS server resolves the host name to a NetBIOS name and sends a request for this name to the WINS server.
3. If the WINS server can resolve the name, it returns the IP address to the DNS server.
4. The DNS server passes this IP address to the requesting client,
DNS client
Note If a zone uses WINS name resolution, all DNS servers responsible for that zone must be configured to use WINS.
Possibility of using WINS
By enabling WINS Lookup, you can configure the DNS server this way: if it cannot resolve the name on its own, then it sends queries to the WINS server.
Enable WINS Lookup using DNS Manager: select a zone, open it context menu and specify Properties in it. Go to the WINS Lookup tab, check the Use WINS Resolution checkbox and enter the IP addresses of the WINS servers (this is shown in the illustration).
Reverse Lookup Using WINS
The presence of a WINS-R record in the zone root causes the DNS server to use the NetBIOS node adapter status lookup mechanism. This mechanism is used when performing reverse resolution requests for IP addresses that do not have statically defined PTR records.
Enabling the reverse resolution mechanism using WINS is carried out in the DNS Manager. You need to call the properties of the corresponding zone in-addr.arpa, go to the WINS Reverse Lookup page, check the Use WINS Reverse Lookup checkbox and then select the value of the DNS Host Domain field, which will supplement the detected NetBIOS name before. how it will be sent as a response to the client,
Lifetime for WINS service
The WINS TTL value can be set on the Advanced page, which is accessed from the WINS Lookup tab of the zone properties window. When the WINS server successfully resolves the name and IP address, the IP address is cached for the duration of the Cache Timeout Value. By default this value is 10 minutes. If this IP address is forwarded to another DNS server, the TTL is also forwarded along with it.
Exercises
In these exercises you will configure Windows server NT so that it uses WINS for name resolution. In the first task, you will configure the WINS client to use the primary WINS server.
> Setting up a WINS client
Note Perform this task on a DNS client computer.
1. Go to the dialog Microsoft window TCP/IP Properties.
2. Click the WINS Address tab.
3. In the Primary WINS Server input field, enter the IP address of your DNS server,
4. Click OK and then Close.
The Network Settings Change window appears, prompting you to restart your computer.
5. Click Yes.
The computer will restart.
6. Log in as Administrator.
In this task, you will configure DNS to use WINS for names that cannot be resolved.
> Configuring name resolution using WINS
Note Perform this task on the DNS server computer.
1. Launch DNS Manager.
2. Click right click mouse over the name of your zone, then click Properties. The Zone Properties dialog box appears.
3. Click the WINS Lookup shortcut.
4. Check the Use WINS Resolution checkbox.
5. -In the WINS Servers field, enter the IP address of your DNS server.
6. Click Add and then OK.
In this exercise, you will configure DNS to use WINS for IP addresses that cannot be resolved.
> Configuring reverse lookup using WINS
Note Complete this exercise on a computer that is a DNS server.
1. Launch DNS Manager.
2. Right-click your reverse lookup zone name 107.131.in-addrMrpa, and then click Properties. The Zone Properties dialog box appears.
3. Click the WINS Reverse Lookup shortcut.
4. Select the Use WINS Reverse Lookup checkbox.
5. Enter your zone name in the DNS Host Domain field, and then click OK.
> Testing reverse lookup using WINS
Note Perform this task on a computer that is a DNS server.
1. At the command prompt, enter:
nslookup 131.107.2,211 where 131.107.2.211 is the client IP address,
The Nslookup utility will show the host name because there is an entry for your host in the reverse lookup database.
2. Enter:
nslookup 131.107.2.200 where 131.107.2.200 is the IP address of your server.
The NSLOOKUP utility will show the hostname with the IP address 131.107.2.200 because reverse lookup using WINS has been enabled. Additionally, DNS will automatically add the address record to the database once the IP address is resolved.
Resume
Using WINS, you can configure the DNS server so that if the name and IP address are not matched by DNS, requests will be processed by the WINS server. You can enable the use of WINS in the Zone Properties dialog box in DNS Manager.
As many of you probably know, DNS (Domain Name System) has become the name resolution system used in Windows. Without it, computers would take much longer to connect to each other. However, many administrators to convert names to local networks still use Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) and have little or no experience with DNS. If you fall into this category, this article is for you. It describes how to install, configure, and troubleshoot a DNS server on Windows Server 2008.
Installing a DNS server.
You can install the DNS server from the Control Panel or when converting a member server to a domain controller, as shown in Image A. During the conversion, the system, if it does not detect the DNS server, will prompt you to install it.
Image A: Domain Controller
To set the DNS server from the Control Panel:
- From the Start menu, select Control Panel| Administration (Administrative Tools) | Server Management.
- Expand the tab and select the Roles object (image B).
- Click Add Roles and follow the wizard, selecting DNS-server as the server role (Image C).
- To install the DNS server on Windows Server 2008, click Install (Image D).
Image B. Expand the tab and select the Roles object
Image C. Role: DNS Server
Image D: DNS Setup
DNS Console and Configuration
Once complete, the DNS Server Management Console can be found in the Start | All Programs | Administration (Administrative Tools) | DNS. Windows 2008 has a built-in DNS Server Setup Wizard
To configure the DNS server, you will need to know the meaning of the following terms:
1…Forward lookup zone
2…Reverse lookup zone
3…Zone types
The forward lookup zone is responsible for resolving hostnames to IP addresses. The reverse lookup zone is responsible for recognizing the host's DNS name by the DNS server, that is, in fact, it is the opposite of the forward lookup zone. A reverse lookup zone is not required, but it is easily configured and provides full DNS functionality in Windows Server 2008 Server.
When choosing a type DNS zones The following options are given: Active Directory(AD) Integrated, Standard Primary, and Standard Secondary. The AD Integrated zone stores information about a distributed database in AD and allows secure updating of the database file. This option is only available if AD is configured accordingly. If you select it, AD will store and replicate zone files.
The Standard Primary zone stores the database in a text file, which can be accessed by other DNS servers that also store information in text files. Finally, the additional zone (Standard Secondary) creates a copy of the existing database of another DNS server. This is necessary to equalize the load.
To open the DNS Server Setup Wizard:
1…
2...Highlight your computer name and click Action | Configure a DNS Server to launch the DNS Server Configuration Wizard.
3...Click Next and select the setting object: forward lookup zone, forward and reverse lookup zone, root hints only (Image E).
4...Click Next and then Yes to create the forward view zone (image F).
5...Tick the desired zone type (Image G).
6...Click Next and enter a name for the zone to be created.
7...Click Next and then Yes to create the reverse lookup zone.
8...Repeat step 5.
9...Select the reverse lookup zone protocol: IPv4 or IPv6 (Image H).
10... Click Next and enter the Reverse Lookup Zone ID (Image I).
11...You can create a new one or use a copy of an existing DNS file (Image J).
12...In the Dynamic Update window, select the DNS update method: secure, nonsecure, no dynamic updates.
13...If desired, you can enable the forwarding DNS server in the Forwarders window (image K).
14...Click Finish (Image L).
Image E. Setup
Image F. Forward viewing area
Image G. Desired area
Image H. IPv4 or IPv6
Image I. Reverse Lookup Zone
Picture J. New or existing file DNS
Image K: Redirection Window
Image L. Completion
Managing DNS Records
Once the DNS server is installed and configured, you can add records to the created zone(s). There are several types of DNS records, many of which you may never use. The main ones are listed below:
- SOA (Start of Authority) record - Initial zone record
- NS (Name Server) Record - Name Server
- Record A (Host) - Host record
- PTR (Pointer) Record - Pointer
- CNAME (Canonical Name) record or Alias - Canonical name record (Alias)
- MX Record (Mail Exchange) - Mail exchanger
Initial zone entry (SOA)
The SOA record is the primary record in any standard zone. On the Start of Authority tab, you can make any settings as needed, such as changing the primary server on which the SOA record is stored or selecting the person responsible for managing the SOA. And finally main feature Windows 2008 makes it possible to change the DNS server configuration without recreating it and deleting zones (image M).
Image M. Changing the configuration
Name servers
Name Servers records define server names for a specific domain. With their help, all names of primary and secondary servers are established.
To create an NS record:
- Select the DNS object from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS server management console.
- Expand the Forward Lookup Zone tab.
- Right-click on the required domain and select the Properties menu item (image N).
- Go to the Name Servers tab and click Add.
- Enter the FQDN Server name and IP address of the DNS server to be added.
Image N. Name Server
A-record
The A record associates a hostname with an IP address. They help identify servers in the forward lookup zone and improve query performance in multi-zone environments. You can also create a pointer record (PTR) that associates a host's IP address with its name.
To create a new host:
- Select the DNS object from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS server management console.
- Expand the Forward Lookup Zone tab and click on the folder representing your domain.
- From the Action menu, select New Host.
- Enter the name and IP address of the node to be created (Image O).
- Check the Create Associated Pointer (PTR) Record option if you want to create a pointer record (PTR) at the same time. Or you can create it later.
- Click the Add Host button.
Image O. Record A
Record Reverse (PTR).
To perform reverse lookup requests, pointers (PTRs) create corresponding incoming messages in the reverse lookup zone. As you can see in Image H, when you create a host, you can also create a PTR record. If you have not used this option at that time, you can create an index at any time.
To create a PTR record:
- Select the DNS object from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS server management console.
- Select the reverse lookup zone where the index will be created.
- From the Action menu, select New Pointer (Image P).
- Enter the Host IP Number and Host Name.
- Click OK.
Image P. New index
Canonical name (CNAME) or alias
A canonical name (CNAME) or alias allows a DNS server to assign multiple names to a single host. For example, an alias can contain multiple entries pointing to a single server in the environment. This is often used when the web server and mail server are on the same machine.
To create an alias:
- Select the DNS object from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS server management console.
- From the Action menu, select New Alias.
- Enter the canonical Alias Name (Image Q).
- Enter full name domain (Fully qualified domain name, FQDN).
- Click OK.
Image Q. Canonical name
MX record
This entry identifies the mail exchange servers in the DNS database within the zone. With its help, you can assign priorities and track the placement of all mail servers.
To create an MX record:
- Select the DNS object from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS server management console.
- Expand the Forward Lookup Zone tab and select the folder representing your domain.
- From the Action menu, select New Mail Exchanger.
- Enter the Host or Domain name (Image R).
- Enter Name mail server(Mail Server Name) and set the Mail Server Priority.
- Click OK.
Image R. Node or Domain
Other new entries
You can create other types of posts. For detailed description In the DNS console window, select Other New Records from the Action menu (image S). Select any entry and read its description.
Image S: Creating entries in the DNS console
Troubleshooting DNS servers
The best assistant in troubleshooting DNS servers is the nslookup utility. It is flexible and easy to use utility command line, included with Windows 2008. It can test DNS server queries, which can help identify the causes of name resolution problems and other related problems. You can run nslookup (image T) directly from the DNS management console.
Among ordinary users, no one has ever thought about how the Internet works. How surfing happens on the World Wide Web, why browsers get to exactly the pages you request. This is where the DNS server (Domain Name System) comes into play. This system is necessary in order to correctly follow the routes between Internet addresses, from the PC to the requested sites.
When and why is there a need to change the DNS server?
By default, the DNS server is assigned by your ISP, but there are cases of overload when specific service Too many clients are calling. Because of this, the speed of downloading and transferring data packets may drop significantly. Also, some DNS servers have restrictions due to the legislation of the state in which they operate. It happens that governments block even global social media and messengers. In some cases, changing DNS can allow access to blocked resources, as well as increase the speed of downloading files and content.
The principle of operation of a DNS server is to direct the user to the correct Internet address
How to find out the registered DNS server address and how to change it
Now the global trend among providers is to automatic detection A DNS server, that is, it is not needed initially. But it’s still quite easy to recognize it, just a few clicks of the mouse.
Windows
You can find out your DNS server and change it in the corresponding column of the “Control Panel”.
- Press the Win+R key combination, enter control in the “Run” field and launch the command with the OK or Enter button on the keyboard.
Launch the “Control Panel” through the executable program
- Change the view from “Categories” to “Icons” and click on the “Network and Sharing Center” item.
Select the item “Network and Sharing Center”
- A window will open with active (active, connected) networks. Click on the link opposite the one that has access to the Internet.
We look at the list of active networks in the “Network and Sharing Center”
- The network status window will open. Click the “Details...” button.
In the “Status” window, click the “Details” button
- Another window will appear with all the data of the connected network. In the column “IPv4 DNS servers” we get acquainted with the current addresses of the services that the connection is currently using.
Viewing connected DNS servers
Changing the DNS server is also easy. First, let's return to the "Status" window.
As a result, we have access to the specified domain name conversion service.
Ubuntu
To change DNS settings in operating systems Ubuntu can be used in different ways. The simplest one is using the interface.
- In the upper right corner there is a network drop-down menu. Click on the corresponding icon and select “Change connection...”.
Open the network drop-down menu and click “Change connection...”
- Select an active Internet connection and click “Change”.
Select an Internet connection and click the “Change” button
- Go to the “IPv4 Settings” tab.
Go to the “IPv4 Settings” tab
- Change the “Configuration method” filter to “Automatic (DHCP, address only)”.
Change the “Configuration method” filter to “Automatic (DHCP, address only)”
- In the column " DNS Servers» register required addresses separated by commas. Then click the “Save” button and close the window.
In the “DNS Servers” field we enter the corresponding addresses
To find out the current DNS server in Ubuntu OS, you need to enter the command $ cat /etc/resolv.conf in the terminal. This will display all the information on the network: the nameserver column contains the domain address.
On the router
It’s worth noting right away that not all router models allow you to change the address of DNS servers in their settings. Some devices allow you to replace them with well-known services, for example, Yandex-DNS or Google DNS.
- First, you need to go to the router management page. To do this, enter 192.168.1.1 in the address bar of any browser and press the Enter key.
- Depending on the brand of router, further instructions have options. In some cases additional settings and the information may already be on the main page. But most often you need to press a certain button to go to the accompanying menu. The button may be called Advansed, Setup, “Settings” and so on. Click on this button to go to the additional menu.
- There are several options to change the service:
Errors that may occur when using DNS
It is rare for a user to encounter errors that are related to the DNS server, but they do happen and are divided into two types: internal and external. By external we mean problems with the service itself that the browser accesses. This problem is easy to solve: you need to set automatic DNS selection or change the service to a more reliable one, as shown in the examples above.
If changing the methods does not solve the problem, then the problem is related to the “DNS client” service. It may be disabled or damaged by viruses.
If the problem does not disappear after rebooting, it means that the service files are damaged and you need to run a system scan for viruses and restore OS files. It is better to use two or three antivirus programs.
Video: How to fix DNS server errors
Changing the DNS server is easy. If necessary, you can easily restore the speed of your favorite sites. Follow the instructions above and you will not have any problems surfing the Internet.
Installation and configuration DNS servers And Active Directory V Windows Server 2016 practically no different from previous releases of Microsoft servers, such as Windows Server 2012, 2008. After going through several steps, the DNS role and Active Directory Domain Services are installed, and the name server will also require a little configuration.
Installing and configuring the DNS server role and Active Directory Domain Services
Before installing server roles, you need to set a name for the future server, as well as a static IP address. Also, if available, indicate the IP address of the gateway.
1. Right-click on “This PC” and select “Properties”. In the window that opens - "Change parameters" - "Change". Set the computer name and click "OK". For the changes to take effect, reboot the computer.
2. To open network connections, in the "Search" field type the command ncpa.cpl. Select the desired network interface, right-click - “Properties”. IP version 6 (TCP/IPv6) is disabled if not used. Then select IP versions (TCP/IPv4). Fill in the fields:
IP address: server address (for example 192.168.100.5)
Subnet mask: netmask (for example, 255.255.255.0)
Main gateway: gateway, if available (for example, 192.168.100.1)
Preferred DNS Server: (for example, 192.168.100.5)
3. Now you can begin installing server roles. To do this, select "Server Manager".
4. In the next window - “Add roles and components”.
5. Read “Before you start” and click “Next”. Then leave the default checkbox “Installing roles or components” and “Next” again. In the next window, select the server on which we will install the roles and “Next”.
6. Selecting server roles - check the boxes next to “DNS server” and “Active Directory Domain Services”. When prompted to add components, click "Add components". Then "Next".
8. After completing the installation of the selected server roles, click on the warning icon in the “Server Manager” and select “Promote the role of this server to the level of a domain controller.”
9. In the next window - “Add a new forest”. The root domain name is the unique name of your domain.
10. In the "Domain Controller Settings" we leave the default forest and domain operating mode - "Windows Server 2016". Enter the password for Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM). This password may come in handy; you must remember it or write it down in a safe place.
11. In the “DNS Settings” window, click “Next”.
12. In "Advanced options" - "Next".
13. Leave the location of the AD DS database, log files and SYSVOL folders as default, click “Next”.
15. After the server verifies that the prerequisites are met, you can click “Install.”
16. After setting up the domain controller, you can proceed to setting up the reverse zone of the DNS server. To do this, in “Server Manager” select “Tools”, then “DNS”.
17. In the window that opens, select our server, then “Reverse Lookup Zone”. Right mouse button - “Create a new zone...”.
18. In the New Zone Creation Wizard, leave the zone type as “Main Zone”, then “Next”.
19. Leave the default checkbox at “For all DNS servers running on domain controllers in this domain, again “Next”.
20. In the next window - “IPv4 reverse lookup zone”, then “Next”.
21. To configure the reverse lookup zone, set the “Network ID” (for example, 192.168.100). After this, the reverse lookup zone will automatically appear. Click "Next".
22. In the next window, leave the default “Allow only secure dynamic updates”, then “Next”.
23. To complete the setup of creating a new zone, check the settings and click “Finish”.
24. The reverse lookup zone for the domain will appear.
25. In "Server Manager" select "Active Directory Users and Computers". Checking the operation of Active Directory.
This completes the installation and configuration of the selected server roles.
You can see what to do and how to do it here: