Algorithms in everyday life project. Research work on the topic "algorithms in our lives." Algorithmic design "Cycle"
Gordienko Vladimir, Zagainova Sofya, Gorelikov Ilya, Kurteev Mikhail
We live in a large flow of information. Information is a person’s constant companion. People have always sought to make their work easier with the help of mechanisms and machines. And the computer became such a machine for working with information. We have been studying computer science since 2nd grade. In the lessons of this subject we learned a lot about information, computer devices, and algorithms. I was interested in the fact that in our daily life we are surrounded by algorithms; any person performs his actions in order, wondering whether he is doing the right thing.
Based on the relevance of this problem, we chose to study topic “Algorithms in our lives” and determined the goals and objectives of the work.
Purpose Our research is to consolidate knowledge about algorithms and identify groups of algorithms found in our lives.
We have set ourselves the following tasks:
· clarify the concept of “algorithm”;
- learn the history of the concept of “algorithm”
- highlight algorithms from our lives.
- create training algorithms.
In our work we used the following research methods: studying literature and information on the Internet, observation.
Our work consists of two parts: theoretical and practical.
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Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...3
I. What is an algorithm?…………………………………………………………….4
- The concept of an algorithm................................................... ........................................4
- The history of the concept of “algorithm”................................................................. 6
II. Algorithms in our lives……………………………………………………8
- Groups of algorithms........................................................ .....................................8
- Educational algorithms in Russian language lessons...............................................11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….15
References……………………………………………………………16
Introduction
We live in a large flow of information. Information is a person’s constant companion. People have always sought to make their work easier with the help of mechanisms and machines. And the computer became such a machine for working with information. We have been studying computer science since 2nd grade. In the lessons of this subject we learned a lot about information, computer devices, and algorithms. I was interested in the fact that in our daily life we are surrounded by algorithms; any person performs his actions in order, wondering whether he is doing the right thing.
Purpose Our research is to consolidate knowledge about algorithms and identify groups of algorithms found in our lives.
We have set ourselves the following tasks:
- clarify the concept of “algorithm”;
- learn the history of the concept of “algorithm”
- highlight algorithms from our lives.
- create training algorithms.
In our work we used the followingresearch methods: literature study, observation.
I. What is an algorithm?
1. Concept of algorithm
Every person encounters many tasks every day, from the simplest and well-known to the very complex. For many tasks, there are certain rules (instructions, regulations) that explain to the performer how to solve this task. A person can study these rules in advance or formulate them himself in the process of solving a problem. The more accurately and clearly the rules for solving problems are described, the faster a person will master them and apply them more effectively.
A person can transfer the solution of many problems to technical devices - automatic machines, robots, computers. Special languages are being developed to clearly and strictly describe the various rules. This is one of the tasks of computer science.
Each of us uses various algorithms every day: instructions, rules, recipes, etc. We usually do this without thinking. For example, when opening a door with a key, no one thinks about the sequence in which to perform the actions. However, in order to teach someone (say, a younger brother) to open a door, you will have to clearly indicate both the actions themselves and the order in which they should be performed. For example, like this:
Get the key.
Remove the key.
And if you imagine that you were invited to visit. Surely you will ask for a detailed and precise explanation of how to get there. Here's what the explanation might look like:
Leave the house.
Turn to the right.
Walk 2 blocks to the bus stop.
Take bus number 25 going to the city center.
Drive 3 stops.
Get off the bus.
At first glance, these algorithms have nothing in common. However, if you look closely, you will notice significant similarities between them. First of all, this is a strict order of actions. Let's rearrange the second and third actions in the first algorithm:
Get the key.
Turn the key 2 times counterclockwise.
Insert the key into the keyhole.
Remove the key.
Of course, this algorithm can also be performed. But the door is unlikely to open. What happens if you swap the fourth and fifth steps in the second algorithm? It will become impossible! So, we are convinced that not only the set of actions is important for the algorithm, but also how they are organized, i.e. in what order they are performed.
We can now say that algorithms are a strictly defined sequence of actions.
An algorithm is a plan for achieving a goal, consisting of steps. It marks the beginning and the end. The steps of the algorithm are executed one after another from the beginning to the end
2. History of the concept of “algorithm”
The word algorithm comes from algorithmi, the Latin spelling of the name of the eminent 9th-century mathematician Al Khwarizmi, who formulated the rules for performing arithmetic operations. “Al-Khwarizmi” means “from Khorezm” (a region in present-day Uzbekistan).
Around 825, al-Khwarizmi wrote an essay in which he first described the invention of decimal system Reckoning. Al-Khwarizmi formulated the rules of calculations in new system and probably used the number 0 for the first time.
Today, no one doubts that the word “algorithm” entered European languages precisely thanks to this work.
At first, the word “algorithm” meant the art of counting using Arabic numerals. Gradually the meaning of the word changed. By the beginning of the 20th century, for mathematicians, the word “algorithm” already meant any mathematical process performed according to strictly defined rules. By the end of the 20th century, "algorithm" appeared in computer science. This is due to the proliferation of computers. Everyone knows the word “algorithm” these days. It is found in colloquial speech, in newspapers, and in speeches on television.
II. Algorithms in our lives
1. Groups of algorithms
In our practical activities, we constantly encounter problems that require repeating the same actions over and over again.
In computer science lessons, we looked at many algorithms from life, educational subjects, fairy tales, etc. We were interested in whether algorithms could somehow be divided into groups. We have identified the following groups.
1) Algorithms in culinary recipes
Any culinary recipe is an algorithm. The name of the algorithm is the name of the product being produced.
Algorithm “Blackcurrant jam”
start
put blackcurrant berries in a saucepan
add sugar
boil until done
end
Algorithm for preparing borscht
start
Turn on the stove
Pour water into a saucepan
Place the pan on the stove
Place meat in water
cook meat until done
peel potatoes
chop potatoes
Peel the onion
Chop the onion
peel the carrots
peel the beets
grate the beets
grate carrots
put the pan on the stove
turn on the stove
pour oil into the frying pan
fry onions, beets, carrots
shred cabbage
put potatoes, cabbage, fried vegetables in a pan
cook until done
add salt and spices
turn off the oven
end
Algorithm “Cooking scrambled eggs”
start
Turn on the stove
Wait until the stove heats up
Place the frying pan on the stove
Pour oil
Break an egg into a frying pan
Salt
Wait for the egg to fry
Turn off the oven
end
Every housewife has many culinary recipes.
2) Algorithms from the outside world
- Daily routine
- Helping parents with housework (how to clean the apartment, go to the store, etc.)
- Weeding beds, vegetable gardens, planting plants
3) Algorithms from school life
- Lesson Schedule
- Call schedule
- Club schedule
4) Training algorithms
- How to write a summary, dictation
- How to Solve Math Problems
- How to learn a poem, etc.
2. Educational algorithms in Russian language lessons
To successfully master knowledge, we need educational algorithms. We create such algorithms in Russian language and mathematics lessons. Let us give examples of algorithms used in Russian language lessons.
Algorithm “Sound-letter parsing of words”
start
- Write down the word. Say it syllable by syllable. Indicate the boundaries of the syllables.
- Say the whole word several times and listen to which syllable is stressed. Place an accent mark above the stressed vowel
- Say the whole word, emphasizing each sound. Write the word with sounds:
- Write the word in letters vertically. Indicate what sound each letter represents. Count and write down the number of letters, sounds and syllables
- Give a description of each sound. For vowels, indicate whether the sound is stressed or unstressed. For consonants, indicate whether it is voiced or voiceless, paired or unpaired; whether it is soft or hard, paired or unpaired
end
Algorithm for correct spelling of singular noun endings
To correctly write the unstressed case ending of a noun, you must:
start
- Put it in the initial form (I.p., singular) and determine the declination.
- Determine case.
- Look at the table of endings of nouns of a given declension in this case
Declension of singular nouns
Case | 1 cl | 2 cl | 3 cl |
||
I.p. | Wall' | Earth | Table Village | Horse Field | Steppe |
R.p. | Walls | Earth's | Tables Sela | Horse Fields | Steppes |
D.p. | Wall | Earth | Table Selu | horse Field | Steppes |
V.p. | The wall | Earth | Table Village | Horse Field | Steppe |
etc. | By the wall By the wall | Earth Earth | Table Village | Horse Field | Steppe |
P.p. | About the wall | Earth | Table Sele | Kone Field | Steppes |
or
Choose a reference word.
KEY WORDS
end
Algorithm for determining the declension of a noun
start
- Put the noun in the initial form (I.p., singular)
- Determine the gender of the noun
- Highlight the ending of the noun
- Determine the declension by gender and ending
end
Algorithm for determining the case of a noun
start
- Find a phrase that includes this noun.
- Determine the main and dependent word.
- From the main word to the dependent word, ask a case question.
- Using the case question and preposition, determine the case of the noun.
end
Conclusion
Doing this jobwe consolidated knowledge about algorithms and identified some groups of algorithms found in our lives.
These are not all the algorithms that we were able to see and divide into groups. In the future, we want to continue this research by enriching our knowledge in computer science classes and using information from everyday life.
Literature
- E.P. Benenson, A.G. Pautova Computer Science. 3rd grade: Textbook-notebook in 2 parts.: 1 part, 2 part, 2010
- Dvorchik Sh. Mouse Programmushka in the country of computer science, - M.: Radio and Communications, 1990.
- Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baykova T.A. Russian language. 3rd grade: Textbook in 3 parts. Part 1.2, 2010
- http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm
- http://www.genon.ru/GetAnswer.aspx?qid=69df66ea-2d86-4fa2-a7bb c7e169a0eca1
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
The work was carried out by 9th grade students Anna Koshkina, Alena Ryzhova, Anastasia Gerasimova Project manager: Nadezhda Alekseevna Zherevchuk Teacher of the 1st qualification category Municipal budget educational institution secondary school No. 42 P. Reshetikha 2015
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Introduction The history of algorithms The concept of an algorithm Executors of algorithms Algorithm and program How do algorithms and their properties manifest themselves in various spheres of human life? Study “Algorithms in our lives” Conclusion Literature
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The greatest achievement of science is the theory of algorithms - a new mathematical discipline, without which the theory of electronic computers, theory and practice of programming. The theory of algorithms is an independent science that is ready to serve all sciences, and has its own face, its own subject. We began studying the topic of “Algorithms” in 6th grade, where we looked at examples of algorithms in fairy tales and proverbs. This year we are studying again this topic, but we already use algorithms to compose programs in the Pascal programming language. And we decided to learn more about algorithms and their role in people's lives. The concept of an algorithm is both very simple and very complex. Its simplicity lies in the multitude of algorithms with which we deal, in their commonplace nature. But these same circumstances make it foggy, vague, and difficult to strictly scientifically define. Fundamental question: How do algorithms and their properties manifest themselves in various areas of human life? Problem Do algorithms determine human life or do humans determine algorithms?
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Hypothesis: suppose that algorithms are needed for convenience and comfort in life. Relevance - the penetration of the concept of “algorithm” into various spheres of human life. I was interested in the fact that in our daily life we are surrounded by algorithms; any person performs his actions in order, wondering whether he is doing the right thing. Purpose of the work: to find out what an algorithm is and their role in people’s lives. Objectives: Learn more about algorithms. What are the types of algorithms? What are algorithms for? Where are algorithms found in real life? The object of research is algorithms.
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Al-Khorezmi once lived, He was an Arab sage, He believed that being a priest was the most useful of all numbers. Al-Khorezmi himself came up with a simple set of Rules of Action, He received a simpler amount and any other answer. People still teach, remember, and honor these rules, but science is actually called ARITHMETICS. In honor of the scientist, they named the Rules of the new style and rhythm. That’s when they wrote down: Al-Khorezmi - an algorithm. Method or prescription, Method or recipe - “Algorithm” has been the name of everything. For many, many years, the word algorithm comes from the name of the great Central Asian scientist of the 8th–9th centuries. Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Mussa al-Khwarizmi. He described four rules of arithmetic operations, practically the same ones that are used now. In 1684, Gottfried Leibniz, in an essay on finding maximum and minimum, first used the word “algorithm” (Algorithmo) in even more in a broad sense: as a systematic way to solve problems of differential calculus The word algorithm was also used by Leonard Euler, one of whose works is called “Use of a new algorithm for solving Pell’s problem.” Euler's understanding of an algorithm as a synonym for a method of solving a problem is already very close to the modern one.
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Many of those who are starting to learn computer science, as well as those who have already moved directly to the basics of programming, have wondered “what is an algorithm?” An algorithm is a description of a sequence of actions (plan), the strict execution of which leads to the solution of a given problem in a finite number of steps. An algorithm is a set of rules for performing certain actions that ensure the solution of a problem. Example
7 slide
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Discreteness - the algorithm must represent the process of solving a problem as a sequential execution of some simple steps. Any command is executed only after the previous command has been executed. Determinism (certainty). At each moment in time, the next step of work is uniquely determined by the state of the system. Thus, the algorithm produces the same result (answer) for the same initial data. Understandability - the algorithm should include only those commands that are available to the performer and are included in his command system. Completeness (finiteness) - with correctly specified initial data, the algorithm must complete its work and produce a result in a finite number of steps. Mass character (universality). The algorithm must be applicable to different sets of input data. Effectiveness is the completion of the algorithm with certain results.
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Mechanical algorithms Flexible algorithms Linear algorithm Branching algorithm Cyclic algorithm Auxiliary algorithm The algorithm is compiled taking into account the executor. The performer can be a person, an animal, a technical device, or a computer. The performer is characterized by: environment; elementary actions; command system; refusals.
Slide 9
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Absolutely any of our programs, in fact, is already an algorithm, because This is a sequence of actions defined and thought out by the programmer and described in the form of code (instructions to the computer). For successful solution task that requires drawing up an algorithm and writing a program, we must: 1) clearly understand the task, carry out its detailing and formalization; 2) analyze what class of problems it belongs to, what methods (algorithms) it can be solved; 3) create an algorithm for solving the problem; 4) create a program that implements this algorithm; 5) check whether the program works correctly and whether it solves the problem; 6) if an error is detected, you must do all (or some) of the above steps again in order to correct the error. Example
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In everyday life, we don’t even notice how we use certain algorithms. Algorithms in nature Algorithms in science Algorithms in everyday life Algorithms in our everyday life Algorithms in literature For example: starting a car, cooking, rules for adding, subtracting, dividing, multiplying numbers; grammatical rules for spelling words and sentences, various instructions and rules, recipes and instructions Algorithms in proverbs Algorithms in songs Algorithms in fairy tales Algorithms around us
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day follows night, after night day comes again; spring, summer, autumn, winter alternate from year to year; leaves appear on the trees; Water cycle in nature; birds arrive bees produce honey Effective algorithms have been developed in cybernetics, psychology and other sciences: recognizing situations, collecting and processing information, optimization, conflict resolution, etc. Many of these algorithms can be formulated in such a form that everyone can understand them and directly apply them to solve your everyday problems. Other algorithms are more complex: expert systems, simulators, educational games and others computer programs. Example
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cooking, peeling potatoes, washing dishes, turning on household appliances, preparing for travel, sharpening pencils, weeding beds, vegetable gardens, planting plants algorithm for using automatic intercity telephone communication: 1.Dial number 8 and wait for a continuous beep. 2.Dial the code of the city you are calling. 3.Dial the phone number of the person you are calling.
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getting ready for school, brushing teeth, doing homework, sewing on a button, cleaning the house, rules for crossing the street. algorithms from school life lesson schedule bell schedule schedule of clubs Educational algorithms how to write a presentation, dictation how to learn a poem how to solve problems in mathematics Examples
Slide 14
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Algorithms in proverbs: If you drive more quietly, you will stay longer. If you want to eat pies, don't sit on the stove. If you are sick, get treatment, but when you are healthy, take care. Prepare a sleigh in the summer and a cart in the winter. Books to read without knowing boredom Measure seven times, cut once choruses are repeated in songs, Song from the film “The Golden Key” “If you go on a journey with a friend” If you go on a journey with a friend, then the road is more fun All Examples Measure seven times, cut once Prepare a sleigh in the summer and a cart in the winter. Algorithms in songs
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Fairy tale “Ryaba Hen” Fairy tale “Golden Cockerel” Fairy tale “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka” If everything around is peaceful, So he will sit quietly; But just a little from the side, Expect war for you, Or the onslaught of a violent force, Or another uninvited misfortune, Instantly then my cockerel Raises his comb, Screams and flutters, And turns to that place. A.S. Pushkin Algorithms in fairy tales
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Survey questions: Do you know what an algorithm is? Have you noticed actions according to an algorithm in your life? Can I give examples of algorithms from life? Can I work with an algorithm? I know how to create an algorithm to solve a problem. I know that we need algorithms. What are algorithms for? 9th grade students, 46 people, were surveyed. We analyzed the students' answers and got the following results:
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If the work is complex, then it is imperative to draw up a plan for its implementation, that is, develop an algorithm. This plan is very useful. It allows you to better understand the work ahead and perform it more efficiently. We also realized that it is useful to write algorithms, that is, it is very important to learn to think algorithmically. A person with algorithmic thinking composes algorithms easily and quickly. Algorithmic thinking helps you clearly see the steps leading to the goal, notice all the obstacles and skillfully circumvent them. The ability to think algorithmically is an important trait of an intelligent person. With the help of algorithms, not only traditional computational problems in mathematics are solved, but also many others that arise in everyday life or at work. And it would be a mistake to think that algorithms can only be useful to us if we become programmers. The ability to construct algorithms and clearly formulate them is a very important skill for a modern person. The effectiveness of using algorithms to solve our everyday problems is determined by the following circumstances: 1. The human psyche and all human interactions are of an informational nature. Therefore, the information-algorithmic approach to them seems to be the most acceptable. 2. Human behavior itself is fundamentally algorithmic. Many of the algorithms of human behavior are deeply rooted in the biological nature of people, others were formed in the process of certain behavior, mutual adaptation of people as sources and receivers of information. The goal of this project was to find out what an algorithm is and their role in people’s lives. In our project, we examined this issue and became convinced of how necessary algorithms are in our lives and the world around us.
20 slide
Slide description:
Textbook Computer Science. 9th grade. Bosova L.L. Igoshin V.I. Mathematical logic and theory of algorithms. - 2nd ed., erased.. - M.: IC "Academy", 2008 http://letopisi.org http:// wikipedia.ru http://festival.1september.ru
With the help of algorithms, not only traditional computational problems in mathematics are solved, but also many others that arise in everyday life or at work. And it would be a mistake to think that algorithms can only be useful to us if we become programmers.
The ability to construct algorithms and clearly formulate them is a very important skill for a modern person.
2. Human behavior itself is fundamentally algorithmic. Many of the algorithms of human behavior are deeply rooted in the biological nature of people, others were formed in the process of certain behavior, mutual adaptation of people as sources and receivers of information.
The goal of this project was to find out what an algorithm is and their role in people’s lives.
In our project, we examined this issue and became convinced of how necessary algorithms are in our lives and the world around us.
The effectiveness of using algorithms to solve our everyday problems is determined by the following circumstances:
1. The human psyche and all human interactions are of an informational nature. Therefore, the information-algorithmic approach to them seems to be the most acceptable.
If the work is complex, then it is imperative to draw up a plan for its implementation, that is, develop an algorithm. This plan is very useful. It allows you to better understand the work ahead and perform it more efficiently. We also realized that it is useful to write algorithms, that is, it is very important to learn to think algorithmically. A person with algorithmic thinking composes algorithms easily and quickly. Algorithmic thinking helps you clearly see the steps leading to the goal, notice all the obstacles and skillfully circumvent them. The ability to think algorithmically is an important trait of an intelligent person.
Lesson type: research work
Forms of work: studying literature and information on the Internet, questioning, conversation, observation.
Lesson objectives: consolidating knowledge about algorithms and identifying groups of algorithms found in our lives.
Lesson objectives:
- clarify the concept of “algorithm”;
- highlight algorithms from our lives;
- make a classification of algorithms.
Lesson progress:
Introduction
We live in a large flow of information. Information is a person’s constant companion. People have always sought to make their work easier with the help of mechanisms and machines. And the computer became such a machine for working with information.
We have been studying computer science since 2nd grade. In the lessons of this subject we learned a lot about information, computer devices, and algorithms. I was interested in the fact that in our daily life we are surrounded by algorithms; any person performs his actions in order, wondering whether he is doing the right thing.
Based on the relevance of this problem, we chose for research the topic “Algorithms in our lives: a new look at known things” and determined the goals and objectives of the work.
Theoretical part
While working on part 1, we learned: What is an algorithm?
Every person encounters many tasks every day, from the simplest and well-known to the very complex. For many tasks, there are certain rules (instructions) that explain to the performer how to solve a given task. The more accurately and clearly the rules for solving problems are described, the faster a person will master them and apply them more effectively.
Each of us uses different algorithms every day. We usually do this without thinking. For example, when opening a door with a key, no one thinks about the sequence in which to perform the actions. However, in order to teach someone (say, a younger brother) to open a door, you will have to clearly indicate both the actions themselves and the order in which they should be performed.
For example, like this:
Get the key.
Remove the key.
And if you imagine that you were invited to visit. Surely you will ask for a detailed and precise explanation of how to get there.
Here's what the explanation might look like:
Leave the house.
Turn to the right.
Walk 2 blocks to the bus stop.
Take bus number 25 going to the city center.
Drive 3 stops.
Get off the bus.
At first glance, these algorithms have nothing in common. However, if you look closely, you will notice significant similarities between them. First of all, this is a strict order of actions. Let's rearrange the second and third actions in the first algorithm:
Get the key.
Turn the key 2 times counterclockwise.
Insert the key into the keyhole.
Remove the key.
Of course, this algorithm can also be performed. But the door is unlikely to open.
We can now say that algorithms are a strictly defined sequence of actions.
Algorithm is a plan for achieving a goal, consisting of steps. It marks the beginning and the end. The steps of the algorithm are executed one after another from the beginning to the end.
Practical part
We devoted the second part of our research to observing the actions that people perform in everyday life.
We conducted a survey among teachers, acquaintances and ordinary passers-by. To the question “Do you know what an algorithm is?”: 83% answered “yes”, 17% “no”.
To the question “Have you noticed actions according to an algorithm in your life?”: 83% - “yes”, 9% - “no”, 8% - “didn’t think about it.”
In our practical activities, we constantly encounter problems that require repeating the same actions over and over again.
In computer science lessons, we looked at many algorithms from life and educational subjects. We were interested in whether algorithms could somehow be divided into groups. We have identified the following groups.
Any culinary recipe is an algorithm. The name of the algorithm is the name of the product being produced. Algorithm “Blackcurrant Marmalade”
- Algorithms in culinary recipes
- Start
- Black currant berries
- Knead
- Boil in a saucepan.
- Wipe the hot mixture
- Through a sieve
- Boil until done
- End
- Every housewife has many culinary recipes.
- Algorithms from the outside world
- Daily routine
- Helping parents with housework (how to clean the apartment, go to the store, etc.)
- Weeding beds, vegetable gardens, planting plants
- Algorithms from school life
- Lesson Schedule
- Call schedule
- Club schedule
- Training algorithms
- How to write a summary, dictation
- How to Solve Math Problems
- How to learn a poem, etc.
- Algorithms in proverbs
- Algorithms in songs
- Algorithms in fairy tales
Conclusion
By doing work on the topic “Algorithms in our lives: a new look at known things,” students consolidated their knowledge of algorithms and identified some groups of algorithms found in our lives. These are not all the algorithms that students were able to see and divide into groups. In the future, you need to continue your research by enriching your knowledge in computer science classes and using information from everyday life.
Literature, eor:
- Computer Science: Textbook for 6th grade. Bosova L.L. 3rd ed., revised, and additional. - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2005, - 208 p.
- Computer Science and ICT. Workbook for 6th grade. Bosova L.L. M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 119 p.
- Kuznetsov A.A. and others. Fundamentals of computer science. - M.: Bustard, 1998
- Kushnirenko A.G. and others. Computer science. - M.: Bustard, 1998
- Lebedev G.V., Kushnirenko A.G. 12 lectures on teaching a computer science course. - M.: Bustard, 1998
- Shautsukova L.Z. Informatics 10 - 11. M.: Education, 2000
Additionally:
Demonstration material for the lesson presentation on the topic: “Algorithms in our lives”
Slide 1
Slide 14
Slide 20
Here are only screenshots of the presentation. The full version contains 21 slides.
We live in a large flow of information. Information is a person’s constant companion. People have always sought to make their work easier with the help of mechanisms and machines. And the computer became such a machine for working with information. At school, people begin to get acquainted with computers in grades 10-11, but we study computer science from grade 5. In the lessons of this subject we learned a lot about information, computer devices, technologies for working with information (text editor, spreadsheet, graphic editor), but most of all I liked studying the topic “ Algorithmic language. Algorithms". I was interested in the fact that in our daily life we are surrounded by algorithms; any person performs his actions in order, wondering whether he is doing the right thing.
Algorithms in our lives
Every person encounters many tasks every day, from the simplest and well-known to the very complex. For many tasks, there are certain rules (instructions, regulations) that explain to the performer how to solve a given task. A person can study these rules in advance or formulate them himself in the process of solving a problem. The more accurately and clearly the rules for solving problems are described, the faster a person will master them and apply them more effectively.
A person can transfer the solution of many problems to technical devices - automatic machines, robots, computers. The use of such technical devices places very strict requirements on the accuracy of the description of the rules and the sequence of actions. Therefore, special languages are developed to clearly and strictly describe the various rules. This is one of the tasks of computer science.
The word algorithm comes from algorithmi, the Latin spelling of the name of the outstanding 9th-century mathematician Al Khwarizmi, who formulated the rules for performing arithmetic operations.
Each of us uses various algorithms every day: instructions, rules, recipes, etc. We usually do this without thinking. For example, when opening a door with a key, no one thinks about the sequence in which to perform the actions. However, in order to teach someone (say, a younger brother) to open a door, you will have to clearly indicate both the actions themselves and the order in which they should be performed.
It would be easy and simple to live (even uninteresting) if we could outline once and for all what actions to perform and in what sequence. In fact, we have to make decisions depending on the situation at hand. If it rains, we put on a raincoat. If it's hot, then we go swimming. Sometimes there are more difficult situations when you need to make a choice. In such cases the algorithm is said to contain composite team or branching.